<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103</id><updated>2011-04-21T20:47:32.258-07:00</updated><title type='text'>NE DEDİLER, NE YAZDILAR?</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>43</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-601751065533162942</id><published>2007-05-08T21:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-08T21:31:35.794-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* Article by Fareed Zakaria in Newsweek</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;WORRIES ABOUT TURKEY ARE 'FACT-FREE PARANOIA' &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;May 14, 2007 issue - Over the past five years, President Bush has made &lt;br /&gt;various efforts to reform the Arab world. They have all stumbled over one &lt;br /&gt;enormous obstacle. In the region, the people who win elections are not &lt;br /&gt;democrats. They seem to believe in elections (at least as long as they &lt;br /&gt;win), but not in the individual rights, laws and traditions that create a &lt;br /&gt;genuine liberal democracy. The administration has pushed for elections in &lt;br /&gt;Iraq, Palestine, Lebanon and Egypt, only to find that religious &lt;br /&gt;fundamentalists have triumphed in most of them. Except in Turkey. In &lt;br /&gt;Turkey the popular ruling party, the AK despite some background with &lt;br /&gt;political Islamas proved to be the most open, modern and liberal political &lt;br /&gt;movement in Turkey's history. That extraordinary achievement may now be in &lt;br /&gt;peril because of the overreaction of Turkey's secular (and unelected) &lt;br /&gt;establishment. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the political and legal maneuvering aside, the issue at stake is very &lt;br /&gt;simple. Does the AK Party have a hidden Islamic agenda that it would &lt;br /&gt;implement once its nominee for the presidency, Abdullah Gul, attained that &lt;br /&gt;office? I put that question to the urbane Gul, currently the foreign &lt;br /&gt;minister, during a phone conversation last week. "No," he said flatly. "But &lt;br /&gt;why listen to what I'm saying now? Look at what we have done in government &lt;br /&gt;for four and a half years. We have worked harder than any party in Turkey's &lt;br /&gt;history to make this country a member of the European Union. We have passed &lt;br /&gt;hundreds of laws that have freed up the economy and strengthened human &lt;br /&gt;rights. Why would we do this if we were trying to Islamize Turkey?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I asked him whether he thought Turkey should adopt Sharia, Islamic law, &lt;br /&gt;which is a goal of almost all Islamist parties around the world. "No," he &lt;br /&gt;replied. "There is no possibility of introducing Sharia in Turkey. We are &lt;br /&gt;harmonizing Turkey's laws with the EU's standards in every area. Is this &lt;br /&gt;Sharia?" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gul is right. The secular establishment's suspicions about the AK are best &lt;br /&gt;described by Turkish columnist Mustafa Akyul as "fact-free paranoia." The &lt;br /&gt;Army memorandum accusing the AK of Islamic tendencies points as evidence of &lt;br /&gt;an Islamic agenda to two isolated cases where headmasters allowed students &lt;br /&gt;to sing Qur'anic verses and celebrate Muhammad's birthday on Turkey's &lt;br /&gt;Republic Day. That's not exactly a sign of an impending theocracy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The other issue that keeps coming up is the headscarf, which under Turkey's &lt;br /&gt;coercive secularism is actually banned in public buildings. Gul's wife &lt;br /&gt;wears one, and Turkey's elites are in a tizzy that a man who will occupy &lt;br /&gt;Kemal Ataturk's position has a wife in a headscarf. Prime Minister Recep &lt;br /&gt;Tayyip Erdogan's daughters felt similarly and went to Indiana University, &lt;br /&gt;where they had the freedom to wear whatever they wanted unlike in Turkey. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I have no intention of forcing or even asking anyone to wear a headscarf," &lt;br /&gt;Gul explained. "It's a matter of personal choice. Not all the women in my &lt;br /&gt;family wear them. If I don't ask my family to do it, why would I ask &lt;br /&gt;others? In fact, were I to try to force Turks to wear headscarves, there &lt;br /&gt;would be a negative reaction from my own family." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The crucial player now will be the Turkish armed forces, which have deposed &lt;br /&gt;four governments over the past five decades. I asked Gul what he thought &lt;br /&gt;their attitude was going to be as events unfolded. "I have talked with the &lt;br /&gt;Army chiefs several times in the last week," he said. "I am sure that they &lt;br /&gt;will respect the democratic process. [Interfering with it] is not any part &lt;br /&gt;of the Army's role in a modern democracy. But I understand that they have &lt;br /&gt;concerns, and we will work things out together. As a Turk I am proud of the &lt;br /&gt;armed forces. And as foreign minister I have had excellent dealings with &lt;br /&gt;them." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I asked Gul whether Islam and democracy were compatible. "Of course," he &lt;br /&gt;said. "Turkey is a Muslim country. But that doesn't mean we should mix &lt;br /&gt;Islam and politics. It would be bad for both." Rejecting any comparison &lt;br /&gt;between the AK and Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood, he said, "We are not an &lt;br /&gt;Islamic party. Religion is a matter for individuals, not politics. The &lt;br /&gt;Turkish Constitution speaks of a secular state, and we agree with that. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"I don't like Islamic political parties," Gul added. "But as Muslim &lt;br /&gt;societies democratize, you will see greater religious expression everywhere &lt;br /&gt;in society. It is a consequence of democracy. People in Muslim countries &lt;br /&gt;are devout, socially conservative ... You cannot fight against this. You &lt;br /&gt;have to understand it and allow some expression of this belief." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The European Union and Condoleezza Rice have warned Turkey's generals to &lt;br /&gt;respect the democratic process. My guess is that they will, and not only &lt;br /&gt;because of outside pressure. Over the past five years, Turkey has gone &lt;br /&gt;through a quiet revolution and is now an increasingly genuine liberal &lt;br /&gt;democracy. The secular demonstrators against the AK held up signs that said &lt;br /&gt;NO SHARIA, NO COUP. That is what most Turks seem to want. They will not &lt;br /&gt;accept being treated like denizens of a banana republic.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-601751065533162942?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/601751065533162942'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/601751065533162942'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/article-by-fareed-zakaria-in-newsweek.html' title='* Article by Fareed Zakaria in &lt;em&gt;Newsweek&lt;/em&gt;'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-3161910888822564151</id><published>2007-05-05T20:14:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-08T21:32:50.620-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* Editorial in International Herald Tribune</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;May 3, 2007 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TURKEY'S DEMOCRACY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The long struggle between Turkey's generals - the self-appointed custodians of secularism - and the growing popularity of parties rooted in Islam has taken a dangerous turn. Both sides need to step back from the brink for the sake of Turkey's democracy and its hopes of joining the European Union.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The crisis came to a head after Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Islamic-oriented party nominated Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul to be Turkey's next president, and the Constitutional Court overturned his election to the post by the Parliament. Gul's supporters see the decision as a desperate attempt by Turkey's secular elite to hold on to power.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As president, Gul would have had the power to nominate judges and university deans and to approve or veto nominations to the cabinet and other sensitive government positions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gul is a moderate who has kept Islam largely out of public policy during his four years in government. But his wife is known for wearing the Islamic head scarf in public, which offends the military's rigidly unyielding vision of secularism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Army leaders had responded to his nomination with an unmistakable threat to overthrow the democratically elected government, a threat that must have influenced the Constitutional Court, which itself is part of the secular establishment of Turkey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkish democracy has outgrown this kind of army tutelage, which has brought it four military coups since 1960.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The European Union rightly denounced the latest threat, but the Bush administration equivocated. Washington needs to tell Turkey's generals, through diplomatic and NATO channels, that a military coup would have highly damaging consequences.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the generals' threats are out of line, some of the fears of Turkey's secularists are real and understandable. Turkish citizens, particularly Turkish women, enjoy legal rights, intellectual freedoms and economic opportunities that are regrettably rare elsewhere in the Muslim world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hundreds of thousands of Turks marched this weekend in Istanbul and Ankara to demonstrate their support for secularism and their anxieties about Gul.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Erdogan and Gul have done a good job of keeping their religion separate from their politics while instituting reforms to bring Turkey closer in line with European democratic standards. But given the disquiet that any religious inroads into politics creates in Turkey, they would do well to reassure secular Turks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One useful step would be for the party to run a more politically and religiously inclusive set of candidates in parliamentary elections, which seem likely later this year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the Cold War, Turkey guarded Europe's frontier against Soviet expansionism. Today, it occupies an equally important position as a true Muslim democracy on Europe's frontier with the Islamic world. Washington has a clear interest in helping Turkey keep its democratic balance. It needs to leave Turkey's generals in no doubt where it stands.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-3161910888822564151?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/3161910888822564151'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/3161910888822564151'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/editorial-in-international-herald.html' title='* Editorial in &lt;em&gt;International Herald Tribune&lt;/em&gt;'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-1121160820640045681</id><published>2007-05-03T07:33:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-03T07:37:41.849-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* An excerpt from the State Department Press Briefing</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;May 2, 2007&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DEPUTY SPOKESMAN TOM CASEY SPEAKS UP AGAINST MILITARY INTERFERENCE IN THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: United States supports Turkish democracy, there are a lot of statements on that -- a few statements, I mean. My question is about that: How has U.S. support Turkish democracy? What does support mean? How does support Turkish democracy? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Well, first of all, I don't think the United States needs to be dictating to Turkey how its own internal politics should work, but it means exactly that. Turkey is a friend and NATO ally. We fully support the right of the Turkish people to determine who their leaders are going to be. We certainly reject any kind of external interference into Turkish domestic political affairs and we certainly also wish to see, just as the Prime Minister said the other day, that the Turkish people should be able to decide through the ballot box who their leaders are going to be and who's going to be in charge. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: May I follow? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Hold on, Mr. Lambros. Don't jump out of your seat quite yet. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: All right. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Okay, I'll let him follow up, since he asked the question, and then you can follow up on his follow-up. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Yes, yes, yes. On the same subject. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Okay. Is there any change on other issues such as committing PKK terrorism, Kirkuk and murder in Iraq? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Well no, our positions on those issues remain the same. Certainly we want to work with Turkey and the Government of Iraq to try and combat the threat that's posed from the PKK. I think you heard a little bit from some of our briefers earlier in the week about that subject. I know General Ralston continues his mission and continues his contacts both with Turkish and with Iraqi officials, but we remain fully committed to working with the Turkish Government and the Iraqis to deal with that problem. On Kirkuk, I think you've heard our answer on that one before and I just refer you backto what we said previously. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Lambros. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Follow up on Turkey. Mr. Casey, the late popular Greek Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou said, "Democracy in Greece at the gun point" by U.S.-supported dictator Colonel George Papadopoulos. The popular Turkish Prime Minister Recep Erdogan said yesterday, "Today democracy in Turkey has been shot with a bullet" by the dictator today, General Yasar Buyukanit, but so far, I know who is behind. Question: Are you really concerned, Mr. Casey, about democracy in Turkey, which has been brutalized by the Turkish generals? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Well, thank you for that trip down memory lane, Mr. Lambros, but -- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Yes. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Look, I think the Secretary made clear in the remarks she made to the traveling press on her trip what our position is. I've stated it here again. I think you heard it from Sean the other day. We believe that a free and democratic Turkey in which the Turkish people decide for themselves who their leaders are is critical for that country. It is critical for Europe, and it's critical for the world and we will continue to support and call for respect for the constitutional order and democratic process in that country. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: One more for the Army. A leading editorial of Washington Post, Mr. Casey, wrote yesterday "that Bush Administration quietly asked the Turkish Army to remain in its barracks" where they belong and leave the politicians alone. Do you agree as the Department of State? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Do I agree with The Washington Post editorial? Well -- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Do you agree with the (inaudible) in common politics -- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Well, since I did see -- since I did happen to see the members of the -- &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: -- vote in internal politics? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MR. CASEY: Well, since I did happen to see the members of the editorial board of the Post earlier today, I certainly wouldn't want to say anything to offend them. But Mr. Lambros, U.S. policy is U.S. policy. It's quite clear we support the democratic order in Turkey. We wish to see the constitution, the ballot box rule in Turkey. And I think the Secretary and everyone else has made that quite clear. Certainly we don't want the military or anyone else interfering in the constitutional process or doing anything in an extra constitutional way. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Thank God.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-1121160820640045681?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/1121160820640045681'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/1121160820640045681'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/excerpt-from-state-department-press.html' title='* An excerpt from the State Department Press Briefing'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-8441739971560594424</id><published>2007-05-02T19:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-05T20:17:03.770-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* An op-ed by Suat Kınıklıoğlu in International Herald Tribune</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;May 3, 2007 &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GETTING TURKEY RIGHT &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ankara/ The Turkish Constitutional Court's decision to block the election of a new president was an unfortunate and unnecessary intervention in Turkey's political process by the powerful secular elite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The secular establishment - which has the powerful support of the military - claims that the election of Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul, a member of the moderately Islamic governing AK (Justice and Development) Party - would challenge the secularism that is at the heart of the modern Turkish state.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But if the record of the last five years under AK Party rule is any indication, those fears are misplaced. Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan and his government have shown themselves to be shrewd pragmatists willing to operate within Turkey's secular democracy. In fact, the very popularity of the AK Party is due to its success in distancing itself from the Islamist Virtue Party.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The governing party's moderation and success have become an inspiration for a wide range of moderate Muslim elites in the Middle East.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Those outside Turkey who view the recent mass rallies in Turkey in support of secularism as an expression of Western values should think twice. Most militant Turkish "secularist" are in fact suspicious of Turkey's aspiration to join the European Union, often strongly anti-American and generally uncomfortable with globalization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By contrast, the AK Party has led one of the most impressive pro-democracy drives in Turkish history and has brought the country into accession negotiations with the European Union. The Turkish economy has grown on an average of 7 percent over the last five years, and has attracted close to $50 billion in foreign direct investment in three years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Not surprisingly, polls indicate strong support for the AK Party while a weak opposition is struggling to pass the 10 percent threshold quota.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By blocking the election of Gul, a politician who has kept Islam largely out of public policy, the secularists are denying Turkey a critical opportunity to further moderate the AK Party. What is lost on the militant secularists is that the AK Party will eventually transform into a German-type Christian Democratic Party if it is allowed to do so.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Turkish establishment must understand that it cannot intervene in the political process forever. It must allow Turkey's Muslim democrats to moderate themselves by learning and experiencing power and responsibility within the democratic process. This is the only way Turkey will find its elusive domestic political consensus.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In any case, the primary reason behind the intervention of the secular establishment was not fear that Turkey would become Islamic. Their fear was that the democratization drive, led in part by hopes of entering the European Union, will erode their power.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In this respect, Gul's nomination touched a key nerve of Turkey's fragile democracy -relations between the civilian government and the military, which perceives itself as a guardian of secularism and has ousted four elected governments since 1960.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Turkish president not only appoints all judges and university rectors, but is also commander-in-chief of the armed forces, with the authority to appoint the uniformed chief of the army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Erdogan has now declared that he will seek early elections, as well as sweeping constitutional changes that would make the president popularly elected, rather than elected by the Parliament.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thus the real question behind the crisis is what sort of democracy will prevail in Turkey - one under a secular elite with an authoritarian flavor, or an open and transparent democracy under Muslim democrats.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;em&gt;Suat Kiniklioglu is director of the German Marshall Fund of the United States' Ankara Office. His views are his own and do not represent the views of the German Marshall Fund. &lt;/em&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-8441739971560594424?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/8441739971560594424'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/8441739971560594424'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/op-ed-by-suat-knklolu-in-international.html' title='* An op-ed by Suat Kınıklıoğlu in &lt;em&gt;International Herald Tribune&lt;/em&gt;'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6458221452863909604</id><published>2007-05-02T18:18:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-03T07:38:50.535-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* Statement by the Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;En route to Egypt/May 1, 2007&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;QUESTION: Madame Secretary, the European Union has warned the Turkish military not to intervene in the current dispute over the choice of a new president for Turkey. Does the U.S. feel the same way that the Europeans do on this?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SECRETARY RICE: The United States fully supports Turkish democracy and its constitutional processes, and that means that the election, the electoral system and the results of the electoral system and the results of the constitutional process have to be upheld. Yes. The answer is yes, the U.S. would be in a similar position.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6458221452863909604?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6458221452863909604'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6458221452863909604'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/statement-by-secretary-of-state.html' title='* Statement by the Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-5641419678097497735</id><published>2007-05-02T18:09:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-02T19:13:11.133-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* An editorial in the Christian Science Monitor</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;May 1, 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UNTYING TURKEY'S HEAD-SCARF KNOT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;That strategic ally so vital to NATO; that bridge between Europe and the Middle East; that symbol of a relatively stable, secular democracy in a Muslim nation: Could Turkey now rupture over Islam's role in public life?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On Sunday, at least 700,000 protesters marched in Istanbul, insisting that Turkey maintain its secular laws and demanding the resignation of the government, which is led by the Islamic Justice and Development Party, or AKP.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sparking the protest is the election of Turkey's president, who is chosen by parliament - which in turn is dominated by the AKP.  At first the AKP prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, wanted the job.  That met with a backlash from demonstrators and a warning from the military.  Last week, the AKP foreign minister, Abdullah Gul, became the party's official candidate - setting off Sunday's much larger protest and another military warning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What's objectionable about these men?  Their wives wear the head scarf, a sign of Islamic modesty.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The controversy stretches further than a piece of silk fabric, although the covering itself is no small matter. The strictly secularist Constitution forbids wearing a head scarf in a public building. The ban is thanks to the revered founder of modern Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, who also gave women the right to vote and changed the alphabet from Arabic to Roman letters.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The protestors fear that a head scarf in the presidential palace would be just the first step to an official Islamic influence on public life.  They point to AKP-Islamic "creep" through patronage, textbooks, and tolerance of radical Islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The presidency, able to veto legislation and appointees, has kept the AKP in check, the protesters point out.  If the head-scarf crowd takes this job, too, it will be all over for modern Turkey, they warn.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But in five years of power, the AKP has been a modernizer. Mr. Gul has advanced Turkey's drive to join the European Union.  Mr. Erdogan has pushed human rights reforms (he still has more to do).  The economy has sprinted ahead, and per capita income more than doubled.  The military's role conforms more closely to EU norms.  And Gul and Erdogan profess respect for secularism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It can't be denied, though, that Turkey is feeling its Islamic roots. Nearly 50 percent declare themselves observant Muslims.  That the AKP wants devout Muslims to be able to wear head scarves to school and wants fairer treatment for graduates of religious schools seem reasonable demands by American standards.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And there's the rub.  Ataturk founded Turkey on the French secular model, in which religion is not just separate from, but subordinate to, the state. One need only look at the 2005 riots by the French immigrant community, many of whom are Muslims, to see what can happen when one group feels suppressed and discriminated against.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey needs to better accommodate religion in the public sphere.  If it's overreach that secularists fear (and there are some grounds for this), they should take heart in checks on government that are functioning, including their own protests.  If they want more checks, they should consider changing an electoral system that has given the AKP disproportional power. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rule by fundamentalists of both stripes - either secularists or Islamists - will only harm Turkey.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Copyright C 2007 The Christian Science Monitor&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-5641419678097497735?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5641419678097497735'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5641419678097497735'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/untying-turkeys-head-scarf-knot.html' title='* An editorial in the &lt;em&gt;Christian Science Monitor&lt;/em&gt;'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-5816756290649589120</id><published>2007-05-02T18:00:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-02T19:14:25.211-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* An editorial in the Washington Post</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;May 1, 2007&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TURKEY'S DEMOCRACY CRISIS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 'secular' opposition and military try to prevent the free election of a new president.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;TURKEY'S ATTEMPT to consolidate a liberal democracy in a predominantly Islamic country has reached a turning point. The parliament is due to elect a new president this month, and the ruling AK party of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan holds a commanding majority of seats. Mr. Erdogan has led the most successful government in recent Turkish history; polls show that his party remains by far the country's most popular. His nominee for president, Abdullah Gul, has served capably as foreign minister and is well regarded in Western capitals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a fully mature democracy Mr. Gul's election would be a foregone conclusion. Instead, Turkey entered this week in crisis, with the Supreme Court considering an opposition attempt to stop the vote on procedural grounds and the military issuing an ominous warning that it might intervene. The reason is the background of Mr. Gul and Mr. Erdogan: Both have political roots in moderate Islamic parties and are supported by many Turks who would like to see the country relax the rigid secularism its governments have practiced since the end of World War I. The fear that control by the AK party over both the posts of president and prime minister might allow for such a change prompted the military's pronouncement and a demonstration by hundreds of thousands of people in Istanbul on Sunday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The record of the past few years strongly suggests that Western governments have no grounds to support the attempt to stop the election, much less a military coup. Far from pursuing an Islamic agenda, Mr. Erdogan has led Turkey's effort to join the European Union, implementing numerous progressive reforms that previous governments failed to accomplish. An economic basket case five years ago, Turkey now is rapidly growing and modernizing. In the teeth of fierce anti-American sentiment stirred by the Iraq war, Mr. Gul has been a friend of the United States. He and Mr. Erdogan have promised repeatedly to respect the secular constitution; to assuage the opposition, Mr. Erdogan chose not to follow previous prime ministers who had sought the presidency, though he is the country's most popular politician. The fears about Mr. Gul boil down to mostly symbolic matters, such as whether his wife will wear a head scarf in public.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If the Supreme Court rules in favor of the opposition challenge, the result would probably be a new general election, which could give the AK party a new mandate, or force it to compromise with the opposition. Mindful of its low standing among Turks, the Bush administration has tried to avoid being drawn into the political conflict while quietly urging the Army to remain in its barracks. But U.S. support for a democratic outcome -- an election untainted by military pressure -- should be unambiguous. Turkey stands to benefit if the millions of people who support the AK party can be fully included in a political system that for years was controlled by an elite tainted by incompetence and corruption. In a region where Islam and&lt;br /&gt;democracy have yet to be fully reconciled, fears about mixing the two are reasonable. For now, however, the principal threat to democracy in Turkey comes not from the AK party but from its opponents.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-5816756290649589120?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5816756290649589120'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5816756290649589120'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/turkeys-democracy-crisis_4846.html' title='* An editorial in the &lt;em&gt;Washington Post&lt;/em&gt;'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6345955421511275611</id><published>2007-05-02T17:54:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-02T19:13:36.614-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* The New York Times editorial on Turkey</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;May 1, 2007&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;SECULARISM AND DEMOCRACY IN TURKEY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The long struggle between Turkey’s generals — the self-appointed custodians of secularism — and the growing popularity of parties rooted in Islam has taken a dangerous turn. Both sides need to step back from the brink for the sake of Turkey’s democracy and its hopes of joining the European Union.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The crisis came to a head last week after Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Islamic-oriented party nominated Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul to be Turkey’s next president. In that position, Mr. Gul would have the power to nominate judges and university deans and to approve or veto nominations to the cabinet and other sensitive government positions. Mr. Gul is a moderate, but his wife is well known for wearing the Islamic head scarf in public, which offends the military’s rigidly unyielding vision of secularism. Army leaders responded to the nomination with an unmistakable threat to overthrow the democratically elected government.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkish democracy has outgrown this kind of army tutelage, which has brought it four military coups since 1960. The European Union has rightly denounced this latest threat. But the Bush administration has equivocated. Washington needs to tell Turkey’s generals, through diplomatic and NATO channels, that a military coup would have highly damaging consequences.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the generals’ threats are out of line, the fears of Turkey’s secularists are real and understandable. Turkish citizens, particularly Turkish women, enjoy legal rights, intellectual freedoms and economic opportunities that are regrettably rare elsewhere in the Muslim world. Hundreds of thousands of Turks marched this weekend in Istanbul and Ankara to demonstrate their support for secularism and their anxieties about Mr. Gul.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Erdogan and Mr. Gul need to address these concerns. One useful step would be for Mr. Erdogan’s party to run a more politically and religiously inclusive set of candidates in parliamentary elections, which seem likely later this year.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the cold war, Turkey guarded Europe’s frontier against Soviet expansionism. Today, it occupies an equally important position as a true Muslim democracy on Europe’s frontier with the Islamic world. Washington has a clear interest in helping Turkey keep its democratic balance. It needs to leave Turkey’s generals in no doubt where it stands.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6345955421511275611?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6345955421511275611'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6345955421511275611'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/secularism-and-democracy-in-turkey.html' title='* The &lt;em&gt;New York Times&lt;/em&gt; editorial on Turkey'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-539181032356798875</id><published>2007-05-02T17:40:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2007-05-02T19:15:22.286-07:00</updated><title type='text'>* Commentary by Morton Abramowitz and Henri J. Barkey in the Wall Street Journal</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;April 24, 2007&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TURKEY'S WESTERN DESTINY&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By midnight tomorrow, Prime Minister Recep Tayip Erdogan will decide the ruling Justice and Development Party's (AKP) candidate for president of Turkey. Ten days ago, in an unprecedented gathering demonstrating the polarization gripping that country, hundreds of thousands marched in Ankara against Mr. Erdogan choosing himself. They chanted such slogans as "no imam in Cankaya" (the presidential palace) "and the army should do its job"(getting rid of Mr. Erdogan).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ironically they insist that he remain in the more important job of prime minister. Given the growing clamor, as well as concern from many in his own party wanting their best vote-getter to remain prime minister, this cannot be precluded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The rising popular tensions and talk of military coups reinforce the perception that the upcoming presidential election and parliamentary ones likely to quickly follow represent a historic turning point. For the first time in Turkey's modern history, an Islam-influenced political party will control the two most important institutions of the state, the presidency and parliament. This would be true even if Mr. Erdogan remains prime minister, because the president is elected by the parliament which the AKP dominates. Many fear a decline in Turkey's secular state and a reorientation of its foreign policy, away from the West and toward the Islamic world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Control of the executive and legislative branches gives AKP the ability to appoint university rectors, bureaucratic administrators, and to alter important pieces of legislation and social conventions. With the power to appoint many judges, the AKP will in effect control all branches of Turkey's democracy. Even the military—Turkey's most autonomous body—fears that an AKP president may interfere with promotions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The principal concern for most secularists is not the introduction of Shariah law, but rather the greater infusion of religion into all aspects of Turkish life. Many elements of the party have been pushing hard to enhance the position of religious schools and particularly relax the ban on headscarves, especially in universities. In short the nature of Turkish life will change.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One cannot be oblivious to such concerns because they also are based on secularists' firm belief that Mr. Erdogan cannot be trusted and whatever his words and policies—e.g., his dedication to European Union membership—they are a smokescreen for darker purposes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Still, judging by Mr. Erdogan's record the past four years, his agenda will be far from "Islamist." The AKP came to power democratically, and by most indications has governed well: The economy is booming, industry flourishing, EU-oriented reforms are in full swing, and Turkey is a rising power in the region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Regardless of who becomes president, the AKP will still have to worry about the Turkish military looming large over politics, its own desire to enter the EU with all the socioeconomic concessions that entails, and the enduring democratic imperative: to produce results and retain the confidence of the population to win elections. Hopefully, continued AKP domination will finally lead to the growth of a serious opposition party, missing in Turkey for years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the new president has to assume an above-party persona, this will clearly not satisfy the strongest secularists for whom the AKP, Mr. Erdogan and his headscarf-wearing wife remain anathema. Still, whether Mr. Erdogan remains prime minister or becomes president, there is little realistic threat to Turkey's democracy. Surveys show Turkey's people becoming more religious, but also adamantly opposing an Islamic state. The correctives of a rapidly growing civil society, a press increasingly fond of freedom and democratic accountability will remain.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If Turkey achieves this transition peacefully, it will signal the normalization and maturation of its politics—especially because Mr. Erdogan's success will come against the military's wishes. In the last 47 years, the Turkish military—the protectors of Ataturk's secular legacy—initiated four coups against elected leaders. In a country where a chief of staff's press conference gets more interest than one by the president or prime minister, it will take sustained political and economic&lt;br /&gt;stability, a combination which has so far eluded Turkey, to remove the fear of military intervention from politics once and for all. The AKP and Mr. Erdogan, anxious not to rock the boat and confirm they are the reliable conservative party they claim to be, may well prove their critics wrong and oversee just such a period, particularly if the EU helps.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Erdogan's Turkey has become a more confident and active international player, and its foreign policy is no longer American-centric, a result of changing geostrategic realities, the blossoming of its economy and a floundering U.S. policy in the region. Most importantly Mr. Erdogan, despite all the European obstacles, has realigned Turkey closer to the EU, continues to pursue membership, and offered dramatic concessions to resolve the Cyprus conflict.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While the U.S. and Turkey have many common policies, they continue to have differences on matters such as Iraq, Iran, Syria and Hamas. Under Mr. Erdogan, Turkey has established an independent voice in the Middle East, but both countries have tried to minimize or overlook their differences and recognize a common interest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey today is not the Turkey of 20 years ago—largely a U.S. supplicant, threatened by Moscow and suffering economically. Turkey's strength and new assertiveness can complement U.S. strategic interests and should be welcomed, even if Americans have to work harder to manage the bilateral relationship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Iraq, however, looms large as a problem, even as Turkey's leaders fervently hope the U.S. succeeds in keeping Iraq together. Turks feel they have lost much from America's military involvement in Iraq. It has brought them face to face with a long dreaded nightmare: a Kurdish state next door and its political impact on Turkey's own Kurds. Coupled with shoddy EU treatment and rising anti-Americanism, this has re-aroused xenophobic nationalism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Present Turkish concerns focus on two issues: a proposed 2007 referendum on whether oil-rich Kirkuk is to be included in Iraqi Kurdistan, which they vehemently oppose; and the unwillingness of the U.S. or the Iraqi Kurds to eliminate the anti-Turkish PKK insurgents based in northern Iraq. Both issues are straining relations with Washington and can quickly develop into a full-blown crisis. Recent threats by some Iraqi Kurdish leaders have prompted ominous counter-threats from Turkish generals. If the situation is not managed prudently, it may portend a dramatic shift in the balance of the U.S.-Turkey alliance and is, perhaps, the biggest danger to continued&lt;br /&gt;AKP rule.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Whether Mr. Erdogan becomes president or remains prime minister, Turkey will not be "lost" as some in Washington—not the U.S. government—fear. The Turkish people's ties to the West, democracy and secularism are hard to sever and capable of withstanding great challenges. Nor is there any indication that Mr. Erdogan or his party will attempt a dramatic excision. Turkey's growth and dynamism lies with the West.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Morton Abramowitz, a Senior Fellow at The Century Foundation, is a former American ambassador to Turkey. Henri J. Barkey is professor of international relations at Lehigh and concurrently public policy scholar at the Wilson Center. This article first appeared in The Wall Street Journal.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-539181032356798875?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/539181032356798875'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/539181032356798875'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/05/turkeys-western-destiny.html' title='* Commentary by Morton Abramowitz and Henri J. Barkey in the&lt;em&gt; Wall Street Journal&lt;/em&gt;'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-7860032746220272066</id><published>2007-02-18T10:46:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2007-02-18T10:48:00.349-08:00</updated><title type='text'>ABD'den 301, Ermenistan ve Irak mesajı</title><content type='html'>&lt;strong&gt;ABD’nin Avrupa ve Avrasya’dan sorumlu Dışişleri Bakan Yardımcısı Daniel Fried, CNN Türk’te Yasemin Çongar’ın sorularını yanıtladı. 5 Şubat 2007, Washington, D.C.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Sayın Bakan Fried, iyi günler CNN Türk’e konuk olduğunuz için teşekkür ederiz. Siz Hrant Dink için Washington DC’de St Mary’s kilisesinde yapılan törende hazır bulundunuz. Orada çok güzel bir konuşma yaptınız. Bildiğiniz üzere Dink, 301. Maddeden dolayı geçtiğimiz yıl “Türklüğü aşağılamak” suçundan hüküm giymişti. Bu yaşananlar ışığında, ABD hükümetinin 301. Madde hakkındaki görüşü nedir? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Ben, Dışişleri Bakanı Gül dahil, 301’inci maddenin değişmesi zamanı geldiğini söyleyen Türklerle hemfikirim. Nihayetinde, Türkiye bir demokrasi. Bu yasa bir anakronizm gibi görünüyor. Başka bir zamanda başka bir ülkeye uygunmuş gibi görünüyor. Üstelik, Türklüğü aşağılayan kim? Hrant Dink mi? Yoksa onu öldüren aptal mı? Hrant Dink, Türklüğü aşağılamadı. O, Türk tarihinin ve kültürünün en iyi yüzünü temsil ediyordu; çok kültürlü geçmişi, kozmopolitan değerleri, muazzam tarihsel derinlik hissini temsil ediyordu. Benim Türkiye’yle özdeşleştirdiğim şeyler bunlardır, ucuz, katil bir milliyetçilik değil. Milliyetçilik küçük halkların ürünüdür, kendine güvenen halkların ürünü değildir. Bence Türkler yüce bir halktır. Yüce bir halkın 301 gibi yasa maddelerine ihtiyacı olmaz. Ama benim ne düşündüğüm önemli değil. Türklerin ne düşündüğü önemli. Ben de, Abdullah Gül gibi Türkiye’nin bugününü ve yarınını temsil eden Türklerle hemfikirim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bu bağlamda suikastten sonra bir çok yazar, tanınmış romancılar ki, buna Türkiye’nin yegane Nobelli yazarı Orhan Pamuk da dahil, polis koruması altına alındı. İstanbul’dan ayrılmasından kısa bir süre önce, Orhan Pamuk, suikast zanlılarından biri tarafından doğrudan tehdit edildi. Siz de, Amerika’da, yurttaşlık hakları konusunda zorluklar yaşamıştınız; sizde de suikastler yapılmıştı. Türkiye, bu milliyetçi nefretten ve korkudan kurtulmak için ne yapabilir? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Milliyetçilik Türkiye’nin tekelinde değil. Bütün ülkeler şu ya da bu zamanda bu hastalığa yakalanmıştır. Mesele, Türkiye’de milliyetçiliğin olup olmaması değil, iyi liderlerin bu konuda ne yapacağıdır. Liderlerin daha iyi bir vizyon adına ayağa kalkması gerekiyor. Biz, bunu kendi ülkemizde Yurttaşlık Hakları Hareketi sırasında yaşadık. Siyahıyla beyazıyla büyük liderler ayağa kalkıp “Amerika, bu değil, olamaz” dediler. Zamanla, bir kuşak sonra değiştik; en kötü halimziden en iyi halimize geldik. Bunu yapabilmek, ahlaki liderlik gerektiriyor. Ben, İstanbul’daki cenazede, “Hepimiz Hrant Dink’iz, Hepimiz Ermeniyiz” diyenlere bakınca, bu ahlaki liderliğin Türkiye’de mevcut olduğunu görüyorum. Bu, “Daha iyi bir yol var ve biz onu temsil ediyoruz” demektir. Bu Türklüğe hakaret değildir. Bu yüce bir tavırdır. Bu Türklüğün potansiyeli konusunda harika bir mesajdır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Abdullah Gül o cenazeye katılamadı, ama Ermeni diasporasından ve Erivan’dan bir çok kişiyi davet etti. Bazıları da geldi. Türkiye’deki atmosferi düşününce, Ermenistan ve Türkiye için ilişkilerini normalize etmek mümkün mü? Ankara ve Erivan’a mesajınız nedir?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Bence bu hem mümkün, hem de şart. Türkiye büyük bir ülke ve Ermenistan’dan çok daha büyük ve güçlü bir ülke. Bence siz onlara el uzatmalısınız. Bu Hrant Dink’in ve onun çabasının ruhuna çok uygun olur. Dink, hem Türk, hem Ermeni olmakta ısrarlıydı. O Türkiye’nin gururlu bir vatandaşı ve Ermeni halkının evladıydı. İkisi arasında tercih yapması gerektiğini söyleyenleri reddediyordu. Bence Türkiye, Hrant Dink’in anısına şimdi Ermenistan’a el uzatmak için sıradışı adımlar atmalı.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bu tartışmanın bir ucu da Türkiye’nin tarihine uzanıyor. Şimdi Kongre’nin önünde Soykırım Tasarısı var. Hükümetinizin bu karara karşı olduğunu biliyorum. Bunu durdurmak için hükümetiniz ne yapmayı planlıyor? Ve Türkiye bu konuda ne yapabilir?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Bu tartışma daha önce de ortaya çıktı, çıkmaya devam edecek. Ne yazık ki, Hrant Dink’in katli de bu konuda yaraya tuz basacak. Biz, Kongre’ye, bu tasarının, Ermenistan ile Türkiye arasında umduğumuz türden bir uzlaşma sürecini ilerletmeye yaramayacağını anlatacağız. Ortak tarihlerine dikkatle bakmak Ermenistan ve Türkiye’ye kalmış bir şey. Özellikle Türkiye, kendi tarihini sıkıca gözden geçirmeli. Bu tasarı, bu sürece hizmet etmez. Türkiye’nin bu süreci tamamlayabilmek için cesaretlendirilmesi gerekiyor. Peki Türkiye ne yapabilir? Bence, Türkiye’nin ABD Kongresi istediği için, yabancılar için değil ama, kendi iyiliği için, kendi içine iyice bakması ve kendi tarihi konusunda dürüst olması gerekiyor. Ve Ermenistan’a el uzatıp ileriye dönük bir yol önermesi gerekiyor. Türkiye, bu konuda liderlik gösterebilir ve göstereceğini umuyorum. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Şimdi de Irak’a geçelim. Geçenlerde General Ralston Mahmur Kampı’nı gezdi. Kampın eninde sonunda kapanmasına yönelik adımlar atılıyor gibi görünüyor. Kamp sakinlerinin geri dönmesi için Türkiye ne yapabilir?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Türkiye’nin yapabileceği bazı şeyler var. Ve ben (Gül-Rice görüşmesinde) bu konunun gündeme gelmesini bekliyorum. Ama PKK konusunda başarılı bir strateji hem baskı unsurunu, hem de PKK’ya asla değil ama, Kürt nüfusa el uzatma unsurunu içermelidir. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Türkiye’deki Kürtlere mi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Evet, Türkiye’dekilere, ama aynı zamanda rak Kürt Bölgesel Hükümeti’ne. Onlar, sizin komşunuz olacaklar; dostunuz ve ortağınız da olmalılar. Dolayısıyla, bu ciddi bir strateji gerektiriyor. Ama haklısınız... General Ralston çabalarını yoğunlaştırdı. Ben de, siz bana bunu daha önce sorduğunuzda, size adımlar attığımızı anlatmıştım. Şimdi bunları görüyorsunuz, ve daha fazlasını göreceksiniz. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: ABD’nin Ulusal İstihbarat Tahmini’ne ilişkin bir soru sormak istiyorum. Irak Tahmini’ne bakınca, ABD istihbarat örgütleri Kerkük’teki riskleri anlıyor gibi görünüyor. “Burası bölgesel bir çatışmanın merkezine dönüşebilir. Kürtler Kerkük’ü tamamen kontrol altına almaya kalkarsa, Türkiye de Irak’a çekilebilir.” ABD Kerkük’ün böyle bir çatışmanın merkezi olmaması için ne yapmayı planlıyor?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Biz belki federal, ama birleşik bir Irak’ı desteklemek için Irak hükümetiyle, Kürt Bölgesel Hükümeti ile Türk dostlarımızla birlikte çalışmak istiyoruz. (Irak’ta) Petrol gelirinin eşitlikçi biçimde dağıtıldığı tek bir devlet istiyoruz ki, zaten Kerkük meselesi de büyük ölçüde petrolle ilgili. Bu, çok zor koşullarda, çok çaba harcamayı gerektiriyor. Ama Türkiye’nin burada herhangi bir şeyin içine çekilme durumu yok. Türkiye büyük ve güçlü bir ülke. Kendi kararlarını alacaktır ve bu kararlardan sorumlu olmalıdır. Bence Türkiye, Irak’a çok iyi bir komşu olabilir; Irak’ı istikrarsızlaştıracak birşey yapmayacaktır. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Sizce (Kerkük’te) referandum ertelenmeli mi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Irak Anayasasına saygı duymalıyız. Iraklıların kararlarının ve bu konudaki mücadelerinin sonuca ulaşmasına izin vermeliyiz. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Hangi şartlar altında Türkiye’nin bir askeri müdahalesi verimli olabilir?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fried: Bence askeri müdahaleden söz etmek, verimli bir askeri müdahale yapmaktan çok daha kolay. Bence, Türkiye’nin (Irak’a) girmesi halinde ciddi riskler ortaya çıkar. Umarım, Türkiye ile işbirliği yaparak bu seçeneğin önlenmesini sağlayabiliriz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Zamanınız için teşekkür ederim, sayın Bakan...&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-7860032746220272066?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7860032746220272066'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7860032746220272066'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/02/abdnin-avrupa-ve-avrasyadan-sorumlu.html' title='ABD&apos;den 301, Ermenistan ve Irak mesajı'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-2644260164489469123</id><published>2007-02-01T20:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-02-02T08:47:19.973-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* SENATOR JOSEPH BIDEN'S RESOLUTION</title><content type='html'>The text of the Senate Resolution introduced by Senator Joseph Biden, the Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee, on February 1, 2007:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Condemning the murder of Turkish-Armenian journalist and human rights advocate Hrant Dink and urging the people of Turkey to honor his legacy of tolerance. &lt;br /&gt;Whereas Hrant Dink was a respected, eloquent advocate for press freedom, human rights, and reconciliation; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas, in 1996, Mr. Dink founded the weekly bilingual newspaper Agos and, as the paper's editor in chief, used the paper to provide a voice for Turkey's Armenian community; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas Mr. Dink was a strong proponent of rapprochement between Turks and Armenians and worked diligently to improve relations between those communities; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas Mr. Dink's commitment to democratic values, nonviolence, and freedom in the media earned him widespread recognition and numerous international awards; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas Mr. Dink was prosecuted under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code for speaking about the Armenian Genocide; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas, notwithstanding hundreds of threats to Mr. Dink's life and safety, he remained a steadfast proponent of pluralism and tolerance; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas Mr. Dink was assassinated outside the offices of Agos in Istanbul, Turkey, on January 19, 2007; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas tens of thousands of people in Turkey of many ethnicities protested Mr. Dink's killing and took to the streets throughout the country to honor his memory; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas the Government of Turkey has pledged to undertake a full investigation into the murder of Mr. Dink; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas the Prime Minister of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has stated that when Mr. Dink was shot, “a bullet was fired at freedom of thought and democratic life in Turkey”; &lt;br /&gt;Whereas the Foreign Minister of Armenia, Vartan Oskanian, stated that Mr. Dink “lived his life in the belief that there can be understanding, dialogue and peace amongst peoples”; and &lt;br /&gt;Whereas Mr. Dink's tragic death affirmed the importance of promoting the values that he championed in life: Now, therefore, be it &lt;br /&gt;1 Resolved, That the Senate – &lt;br /&gt;(1) condemns the murder of Hrant Dink as a shameful act of cowardice perpetrated with contempt for law, justice, and decency; &lt;br /&gt;(2) supports the pledge of the Government of Turkey to conduct an exhaustive investigation into the assassination of Mr. Dink and to prosecute those responsible; &lt;br /&gt;(3) urges the Government of Turkey to repeal Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code and work diligently to foster a more open intellectual environment in the country that is conducive to the free exchange of ideas; &lt;br /&gt;(4) recognizes the decision of the Government of Turkey to invite senior Armenian religious and political figures to participate in memorial services for Mr. Dink; &lt;br /&gt;(5) calls on the Government of Turkey to act in the interest of regional security and prosperity and reestablish full diplomatic, political, and economic relations with the Government of Armenia; and &lt;br /&gt;(6) urges the people of Turkey to honor Mr. Dink's legacy of tolerance.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-2644260164489469123?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/2644260164489469123'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/2644260164489469123'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/02/senator-joseph-bidens-resolution.html' title='* SENATOR JOSEPH BIDEN&apos;S RESOLUTION'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-2163984348336001026</id><published>2007-01-30T07:45:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-30T07:50:04.931-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* CONGRESSMAN JOSEPH CROWLEY'S STATEMENT</title><content type='html'>REP. CROWLEY UNVEILS RESOLUTION CONDEMNING SHOOTING OF TURKISH-ARMENIAN JOURNALIST &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Legislation Urges Repeal of Article 301 to Protect Human Rights, Freedom of Speech and Expression &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Washington, DC – 29 January 2007 - One week after more than 100,000 mourned slain Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink in Istanbul, US Congressman Joseph Crowley (D-Queens &amp; the Bronx) introduced legislation (H. Res. 102) in the US House of Representatives condemning the Agos newspaper editor’s assassination, and calling on Turkish authorities to continue investigating the circumstances and fully prosecute those involved in the murder. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Today, as members of the US House of Representatives, we join the people of Turkey and Armenia in mourning the loss of Hrant Dink, and condemn the senseless murder of an outstanding individual who truly led a courageous life,” Crowley said. “Hrant Dink was a man of conviction and principle who fought for freedom of the press and speech, and for tolerance and understanding. Through his illustrious career as a journalist he tried to bridge the divide between Turkish and Armenian people by fostering a dialogue in the newspaper he founded, Agos.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hrant Dink founded the bilingual weekly newspaper Agos in April 1996, to foster a dialogue and encourage understanding between the Turkish-Armenian community and the larger Turkish population. He served as its editor until Jan. 19, 2007, when he was shot dead outside of Agos’ main office in downtown Istanbul. H. Res. 102 is expected to be voted in the House as an up or down vote within the next two weeks. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Journalists and the media community around the world recognized and honored Hrant Dink for his courage and principles, and he was awarded the prestigious Bjornson Prize for Literature for his publications on the Armenian genocide. Hrant Dink’s support for human rights and outspokenness of injustices in Turkey against ethnicArmenians won him notoriety with authorities, who prosecuted and convicted him in court for insulting Turkishness in Turkey under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code. Congressman Crowley’s resolution also urges the government of Turkey to &lt;br /&gt;repeal this section of Turkish law that prohibits free speech and is used &lt;br /&gt;to silence critics. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Congressman Crowley stated, “We ask that the government of Turkey remove Article 301, which is an outright attack on the fundamental right to freedom of speech. Authorities should do all in their power to stop acts of intolerance, intimidation and violence against individuals who exercise this fundamental right from happening.”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-2163984348336001026?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/2163984348336001026'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/2163984348336001026'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/congressman-joseph-crowleys-statement.html' title='* CONGRESSMAN JOSEPH CROWLEY&apos;S STATEMENT'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-2562125084796731089</id><published>2007-01-29T18:38:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-29T18:41:10.783-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* EDITORIAL IN THE BOSTON GLOBE</title><content type='html'>Murder and paranoia in Turkey &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;January 25, 2007 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THERE WAS a huge turnout in Istanbul Tuesday for the funeral of the assassinated journalist Hrant Dink. Mourners held up placards saying, "We are all Armenians" and "We are all Hrant Dink." It was a heartening display of support for values that the slain editor of the bilingual paper Agos defended at the cost of his life: free speech, acknowledgment of the 1915 genocide of Armenians in Turkey, and reconciliation between Turks and the 60,000 Armenians who remain in Turkey. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Encouraging as that affirmation of tolerance and pluralism may be, Dink's murder and his funeral illuminate a dangerous conflict that pervades state and society in Turkey. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Speaking at the slain editor's graveside, the Armenian Patriarch Mesrob II said: "We continue to hope that the Turks will recognize that Armenians are Turkish citizens who have been living on this soil for millennia and are neither foreigners nor potential enemies." What is shocking about this plea for understanding is that it needed to be made. The patriarch's hope for Turkish acceptance of Armenians as full &lt;br /&gt;citizens who can be loyal to Turkey reflects a deeply rooted confusion about something called Turkish identity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dink was killed by a 17-year-old who had been given a gun and told to carry out the murder by an ultra nationalist from his home town who had served 10 months in prison for bombing a McDonald's. The assassin told police he had seen something on the Internet alleging that Dink had said, "Turkish blood is dirty." This was an allusion to the Armenian-Turkish editor's conviction under an odious law that makes it a &lt;br /&gt;crime to insult Turkish identity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For the people who marched in Dink's funeral cortege, there is a clear connection between the nationalist paranoia that produced such a law and the murder of writers and intellectuals who are branded as disloyal. That nationalism has been nourished on political myths that are rooted in the ideology propounded by the founder of the post-Ottoman Turkish state, Kemal Ataturk. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey's military and security services -- what some Turkish liberals call a "deep state" that acts independently of elected governments -- have interpreted Kemalism in a way that defines cultural and linguistic autonomy for Kurds and other minorities as a rebellious challenge to the ideal of Turkishness. The secular ideology derived from Kemalism has been equally intolerant of outward shows of religious piety, prohibiting women and girls from wearing head carves in school. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To gain entry to the European Union, Turkey's political leaders will have to conduct a broad educational campaign, uprooting myths about the mass murder of Armenians and the military's dirty war against the Kurds. Before Turks can take on a new European identity, they will have to redefine what it means to be Turkish. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(c) Copyright &lt;http://www.boston.com/help/bostoncom_info/copyright&gt; 2007 The New York Times Company&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-2562125084796731089?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/2562125084796731089'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/2562125084796731089'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/editorial-in-boston-globe.html' title='* EDITORIAL IN THE BOSTON GLOBE'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-8727858308461730046</id><published>2007-01-29T18:23:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-29T18:24:07.388-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* STATEMENT BY AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE</title><content type='html'>AJC Calls on Turkey to Ensure Freedom of Expression&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;January 25, 2007 – New York – The American Jewish Committee is joining in the call for abolition of Turkish legislation, Law 301, which makes it a crime to “insult the Turkish identity.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We join with our friends in the American Turkish community, as expressed by the Assembly of Turkish American Associations, in this effort.  Law 301 is widely believed to have created the atmosphere that encouraged those responsible for the murder of Hrant Dink, the Turkish Armenian editor of Agos, who was shot at his Istanbul office last Friday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AJC condemned the killing of Dink, and sent condolences to his family and those who advocate for the full freedom of expression in Turkey.  The outpouring of grief, illustrated by the more than 100,000 mourners who walked with his coffin on Tuesday, sends a strong message to Prime Minister Erdogan and his administration that they should take steps to guarantee the full rights of expression in the media and other public forums. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AJC, the oldest human relations organization in the United States, has long championed Turkey as a secular and democratic state, and is concerned that Dink’s murder will stand as a blot on Turkey’s admirable progress and could hinder the country’s accession to the European Union.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;”Abolishing Law 301 will be a significant step to bring Turkey into conformity with the policies of the European Union and Western democracies in guaranteeing the full rights of expression,” said Barry Jacobs, AJC’s director of strategic studies, who had met Dink on several occasions.  “It is time for demagogues to stop using the theme of Turkish ‘minorities’ as political slander.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For further information telephone or email Barry Jacobs at (202) 785-5462; jacobsb@ajc.org&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-8727858308461730046?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/8727858308461730046'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/8727858308461730046'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/statement-by-american-jewish-committee.html' title='* STATEMENT BY AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-5570003438422115243</id><published>2007-01-24T09:27:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-24T09:34:20.146-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* VICKEN CHETERIAN'S ARTICLE AT WWW.OPENDEMOCRACY.NET</title><content type='html'>The pigeon sacrificed: Hrant Dink, and a broken dialogue &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vicken Cheterian &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;23 - 1 - 2007 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The assassination of Hrant Dink has destroyed a bridge between Turks and Armenians, says Vicken Cheterian. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The assassination of Hrant Dink in Istanbul on 19 January 2007 has had the effect of a tsunami. Never before has the killing of a journalist caused so much uproar in Turkey. Never before has such an event mobilised so many people; several thousand of them gathering spontaneously on the same day in downtown Istanbul, near the offices of the newspaper Agos where Hrant worked. Several thousand others demonstrated in Ankara, Izmir, and Malatya, the eastern town where Hrant Dink was born in 1954. The journalist's funeral in Istanbul on 23 January was attended by even larger crowds, united in grief and solidarity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Only thirty-two hours after the murder, Turkish police arrested a teenager, born in 1990, identified as Ogün Samast, a school dropout from the city of Samsun on the Black Sea coast. Samast is reported to have confessed his crime: he had planned the assassination months before because he considered Hrant Dink to have insulted "the Turkish race". "I shot him after saying the Friday prayers. I'm not sorry ... I read news on the internet. He said 'I'm from Turkey but Turkish blood is dirty' and that's why I decided to kill him" (AFP, 21 January 2007). &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;br /&gt;Freedom's price&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, this teenager was not alone in killing Hrant Dink. To the friends of Hrant, there is something bigger involved: the political context in Turkey that created the pressure leading to this tragic death. Orhan Pamuk, Nobel prize winner and a friend of Hrant Dink, had the following to say: "In a sense, we are all responsible for his death. However, at the very forefront of this responsibility are those who still defend Article 301 of the Turkish penal code. Those who campaigned against him, those who portrayed this sibling of ours as an enemy of Turkey, those who painted him as a target, they are the most responsible in this."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Who was Hrant Dink? And who murdered him?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was a citizen of Turkey of Armenian heritage. He was from a new generation of Armenians who did not fear Turkey, who wanted to live on the land of their ancestors and exercise all their rights, and who wanted to see Turkey a land where human rights and freedoms flourished. He firmly believed in, or hoped for, Turkey's integration into Europe, its values and institutions. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hrant did not merely talk about freedom of speech, he exercised it. In 1996, he and a group of enthusiasts were instrumental in the creation of Agos, a bilingual weekly in Armenian and Turkish. In only a few years the circulation of Agos increased to 6,000. But its influence carried further; it was the place where Turkish and Armenian intellectuals and journalists met and engaged in dialogue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Soon, Hrant's exercise of freedom of speech forced him into a clash with Turkey's political system of "official truth". He was brought to trial twice under the infamous Article 301 of Turkish civil code for having "insulted Turkishness". By the time of his assassination a third court case against him for having qualified the repression of Armenians by Ottoman Turks in 1915-18 by its name: genocide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A great sympathy and solidarity was expressed in Turkey in the wake of Hrant's death. Many who demonstrated chanted: "We are all Hrant Dink!" or "We are all Armenians!" - slogans reprinted on placards and banners displayed at the writer's funeral. But others saw in this assassination "dark hands" that plot against Turkish national interests. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey's prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had this to say: "It is very meaningful that the murderers have chosen Dink as their victim this time. We find it very meaningful that this murder has been committed at a time when Armenian claims of genocide were brought to the spotlight especially in some countries." Others have gone further to make the fantastical suggestion that the criminal was ... of Armenian origin. In the mind of some Turkish officials, the victim and the perpetrator have exchanged places.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A distorting mirror&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey has a difficulty with its past. For the last nine decades officials in Turkey have faced questions on the fate of its former Armenian community by negating the historical facts. When confronted with the question of genocide, the official Turkish response is threefold:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;there was no intention to destroy the entire Armenian nation, only to transfer civilians from war-zones to more "secure" regions (the Syrian desert ...) the numbers of the victims are exaggerated - that it is not 1.5 million Armenians who died, but just a few hundred thousands (official Turkish sources often suggest as few as 300,000) the Armenians deserved it since they collaborated with the enemies of the Ottoman empire.&lt;br /&gt;As Turkey came under increasing foreign pressure and internal questioning about its past, its negation has become increasingly deformed. In the city of Van (once a thriving centre of Armenian culture, and which had a large Armenian population until the genocide), the city museum has a section on genocide. But the bones displayed there - so the official captions explain - are of Turkish victims who were slaughtered by Armenians.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1997, the Turkish government erected a huge genocide monument in the town of Igdir, on the border with Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran, to commemorate the Turkish victims who, according to the Turkish official narration, were killed by Armenians. The monument is depicted by a sword, directed towards Armenia, under the shadow of Ararat. Again, victim and perpetrator are mistaken, and have exchanged places. After such state-sponsored distortion, how would many young men feel if they are told the truth by a dissident journalist? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A blockade of the mind&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This official policy concerns more than Turkey's Armenian minority, which is estimated to number between 60,000-70,000. Turkey has equally difficult relations with its eastern neighbour, Armenia itself. For the last fourteen years, Turkey has refused to open its borders with Armenia, until a solution is found to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It has also refused to have diplomatic exchanges with Yerevan. The result is that Armenia, a poor and landlocked country, pays a heavy price: experts gathered in Yerevan to discuss Turkish-Armenian relations have estimated this blockade to cost Armenia the equivalent of 10-15% of its GDP. Even more important for Armenians, is that this policy is a constant reminder of a threat: that the past is not over, that relations with Turkey are not normalised.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The killing of Hrant Dink will not silence the questions he posed, nor put an end to the ongoing debate within Turkish society itself. Turkish officials have themselves chosen to seek to join the European Union, and as a consequence they have to face difficult questions, asked both by outsiders and by voices from within Turkish society: &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;can freedom of speech coexist with the official negation and distortion of Turkey's past? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;what is the shortest way to reconciliation? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hrant Dink was the bridge linking Turkey with Armenia, and the Turkish-Armenian community with Armenians and others abroad. This bridge is now broken. But the presence of Armenian dignitaries at Dink's funeral suggests that it can be rebuilt. The way forward remains clear. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Copyright © Vicken Cheterian, Published by openDemocracy Ltd&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-5570003438422115243?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5570003438422115243'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5570003438422115243'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/vicken-cheterians-article-at-wwwopen.html' title='* VICKEN CHETERIAN&apos;S ARTICLE AT WWW.OPENDEMOCRACY.NET'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6162099340635377969</id><published>2007-01-23T10:07:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-23T10:08:25.467-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* HUGH POPE'S OP-ED IN THE L.A. TIMES</title><content type='html'>Armenia haunts the Turks again &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The killing of a prominent Armenian journalist last week further widens the gap between Turkey and Europe. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By Hugh Pope, HUGH POPE is the author of "Sons of the Conquerors: the Rise of the Turkic World." He lives in Istanbul. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;January 23, 2007 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IS THERE A CURSE hanging over Turkey? Each time the country achieves sustained development, something trips it up. This time it was the assassination on Friday of Hrant Dink, a newspaper editor, peacemaker and one of Turkey's most prominent Armenians. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey is trying to rise to the challenge, as its credibility in talks on membership in the European Union is at stake. Denunciations of the slaying - from the government, from Islamic leaders, from the army - fill the airwaves. Thousands of Turks marched through the streets of Istanbul hours after the editor was shot, shouting, "We are all Armenians! We are all Hrant Dink!" &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Police have arrested a suspect who has confessed to pulling the trigger, but no murkiness must remain about the people and the thinking behind the killing. The alleged killer is under 18 and is close to right-wing nationalists. Dink, who was repeatedly threatened by such nationalists, was left unprotected, but not just by the Turkish police. Bad laws, malevolent prosecutions and a growing nationalist hysteria helped create a lynch mob atmosphere. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What killed Dink, in short, is the Turkish republic's inability to deal with the Armenian issue - the charge that its predecessor state, the Ottoman Empire, killed 1.2 million Armenian men, women and children in a genocide that began in 1915. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Official Turkey is stuck in a rut of denial. Discussing the great omissions on the subject in Turkey's public education remains taboo. Efforts to open archives and to "leave it to the historians" lead to dead ends, partly because a scholarly debate won't assuage diaspora Armenians who demand formal acknowledgment of the genocide, and partly because of Turkey's anti-free-speech laws - most notoriously Penal Code Article 301, with its catchall penalties for "denigrating Turkishness." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Turks have reasons to feel victimized. Christian powers don't apologize much for ethnic cleansing carried out between 1821 and 1923, when they rolled back the borders of the Ottoman Empire. Millions of Muslims were killed. In 1915, World War I was raging. Turkey was again under attack from Russia in the east and Britain and France in the west. The Armenian leadership openly sided with Turkey's enemies, demanded a state on Ottoman land and formed anti-Ottoman militias. Many Turks were killed by these Armenian groups. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey fears an official apology for the Armenian deaths would trigger claims on its land or on seized Armenian assets. Turks cannot believe the sincerity of foreign parliaments which, usually ill-informed about the Turkish case, give in to Armenian diaspora lobbying for genocide declarations. (One such bill looks likely to pass the U.S. Congress in April.) Politics often seems to trump history. Would the French Parliament have made it a crime last year to deny a "genocide" by the Turks if an unrelated desire to keep Turkey out of the European Union had not been prevalent? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dink didn't take this maximal view of Turkish evil. He once wrote that diaspora Armenians should commit their energy to independent Armenia and not "let hatred of the Turks poison their blood." Idiotically, it was that very column that led to his trial for violating Article 301, on the pretext that he had said Turks were poisonous. The misquote is the motive the assassin has given to police for his act - yet the Turkish media keep recycling this libel. Commentators are subtly shirking responsibility by labeling the murder a "provocation" or blaming "outside forces." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brave new Turkish novels, films, exhibitions and conferences have tried to reassess the Armenian issue in recent years. But the nationalist upsurge has slowed if not stopped that progress. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Neither Turks nor Armenians should go on like this. Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan could try a grand gesture. He might open the border with Armenia, closed since the early 1990s. He could advocate an international conference, where Turkey could argue its case that there was no centralized attempt to wipe out the Armenians. After all, Turkey already officially accepts that 300,000 people died. Best of all, Erdogan could abolish Article 301, which makes intellectuals like Dink a target. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;None of this, however, is likely to happen. Turkey has presidential and parliamentary elections this year, and ultranationalists pose the main challenge to Erdogan's centrist, pro-Islamic Justice and Development Party, or AKP. Europe - whose support is critical in making a Turkish regime feel safe to reform - seems in no mood to extend lines of political credit to Turkey. Dink was a rare Armenian ready to compromise with Turkey, and his assassination will deter replacements. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So the gap between Turkey and Europe will widen again. Muddled thinking and inward-looking nationalism will continue to plague Turkey, and not only in its approach to the Armenian problem. After all, Dink's death is the symptom of negative currents that persist, not their cause. And that, of course, is why Turkey's curse keeps returning to strike with such tragic ease.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6162099340635377969?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6162099340635377969'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6162099340635377969'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/hugh-popes-op-ed-in-la-times.html' title='* HUGH POPE&apos;S OP-ED IN THE L.A. TIMES'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-5341647773083096364</id><published>2007-01-22T19:17:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T19:19:31.257-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* ARTICLE BY RONALD SUNY IN THE NATION</title><content type='html'>Hrant Dink (1954-2007)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;by RONALD GRIGOR SUNY&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[posted online on January 22, 2007]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hrant Dink, the courageous editor of the Armenian-Turkish newspaper Agos, was murdered in the middle of the day on Friday, January 19, on a city street in front of his office in Istanbul, by a 17-year-old man he had never met. Shot three times in the nape of the neck, he lay face down on the sidewalk, the blood pooling under him. His killer fled, brandishing his pistol and shouting, "I have killed an Armenian!" Dink was not killed for any deed or personal grudge but for who he was and for his words--words that were thought by nationalist Turks and right-wing opponents to be a threat to the Turkish state and to "Turkishness." He was 52 years old, a man of enormous energy and passion, someone who embraced those who met him, enveloping them both physically and with his charm and charisma. The circles of his admirers extended far beyond the small, beleaguered community of Turkish Armenians. &lt;br /&gt;Thousands gathered in Istanbul's central square, Taksim, in the hours after his killing and chanted, "We are all Armenians! We are all Hrant Dink!" For those who loved him or were moved by his words, it is impossible to believe he is dead. &lt;br /&gt;Whatever the immediate motives of the young assassin from Trebizond to stop Dink's pen, Dink knew that he was extraordinarily vulnerable in the corrosive political atmosphere gathering in Turkey, an atmosphere enflamed by state prosecutions of dissident voices and nationalist media. "My computer's memory," he wrote in his last editorial, "is loaded with sentences full of hatred and threats. I am just like a pigeon.... I look around to my left and right, in front and behind me." Like novelist Elif Shafak and Nobel Prize winner Orhan Pamuk, both of whom have raised the issue of the genocidal deportations and massacres of hundreds of thousands of Armenians at the end of the Ottoman Empire, so Dink had been brought before Turkish courts and accused under the infamous Article 301 of "insulting Turkishness." And like the others he had not been jailed but given a suspended sentence, a gesture signaling that the Turkish state was still wavering between adopting the legal norms of Europe and turning its back on the invitation to join the European Union. &lt;br /&gt;Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan and other officials from the government condemned the murder, and the culprit--Ogun Samast--was quickly apprehended. But in statements from the authorities some of the blame was placed on those outside Turkey who have brought forth parliamentary resolutions, as in France recently, to recognize the events of 1915 officially as a genocide. For eleven years Dink had edited Agos, a small-circulation newspaper, and though it had but 6,000 subscribers, its resonance was like a bell in a quiet night. In an interview with the Committee to Protect Journalists in February 2006, he remarked, "The prosecutions are not a surprise for me. They want to teach me a lesson because I am Armenian. They try to keep me quiet." When asked who "they" are, he answered as many in the Turkish opposition answer: "the deep state in Turkey," referring to the dark forces within the military and power ministries, as well as nationalist elements, to which even the mildly Islamist Erdogan government must defer. &lt;br /&gt;The paradox of Dink's death is that he was killed in the name of a particularly narrow notion of patriotism while he was himself a fervent Turkish patriot. His vision of his native country was of a modern democratic, tolerant state on the eastern edge of Europe, in which his own people, the Armenians, could live with Turks, Kurds, Jews, Greeks and the other peoples who had coexisted, however uneasily, in the cosmopolitan empire out of which the Turkish Republic had emerged. What he could not tolerate was the denial of the shared history of those peoples, a history that involved mass killing of Armenians and more recent repression of Kurds. Dink was an active participant in the vital civil society in Turkey, key members of which have taken up the question of the Armenian genocide as an opening wedge to investigate the blank spots of Turkey's past. He participated in international meetings that included Armenian and Turkish scholars exploring the causes and consequences of the policies of the Young Turk government during World War I. Last year he spoke at a Turkish academic conference on this theme at Istanbul's Bilgi University, a breakthrough meeting that clearly frightened those nationalists who want to bury the inconvenient past. &lt;br /&gt;While he was vitally interested in setting the record straight on 1915, Dink was more interested in the movement for Turkish democracy than in international recognition of the Armenian massacres as a genocide. Democracy in Turkey, he believed, would easily settle that historical matter. For some Armenians in the diaspora who know Turks far less well than their compatriots who live in Turkey, Dink's lack of fanaticism on this issue made him suspect, though his outspokenness in the face of official sanction gave him a heroic aura. Last year the Norwegians awarded him the Bjornson Academy Prize for protection of freedom of expression. In his speech at Bilgi University last year, he told the largely Turkish audience, "We want this land; not to take it away but to lie under it!"&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-5341647773083096364?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5341647773083096364'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5341647773083096364'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/article-by-ronald-suny-in-nation.html' title='* ARTICLE BY RONALD SUNY IN THE NATION'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6888462692307173765</id><published>2007-01-22T17:56:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T18:01:02.989-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* STATEMENT BY THE U.S. COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM</title><content type='html'>USCIRF Calls for Thorough Investigation into Journalist's Killing &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WASHINGTON--The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom condemns the killing in Istanbul on Friday of Mr. Hrant Dink, a well-known journalist and editor whom the Commission met on its recent visit to Turkey. The Commission extends its sincere condolences to Mr. Dink's family. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The Commission is profoundly saddened by the news of Mr. Dink's murder," said Felice D. Gaer, chair of the Commission. "Mr. Dink was a courageous journalist who fought for and defended freedom of expression in his country. We commend the swift and unequivocal statement of Prime Minister Erdogan denouncing this horrendous act and vowing to pursue the person or persons responsible. We urge that the investigation be thorough, transparent, and credible." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Dink, a Turkish citizen of Armenian ethnicity, had been convicted under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code of insulting the Turkish state, because of his use of the term "Armenian genocide" in his public remarks and written publications. His conviction was converted to a suspended sentence following European Union and other international pressure. Dink wrote in one of his newspaper columns that he had received anonymous death threats. He told members of the commission on their recent visit to Turkey that he continued to receive numerous death threats in the face of his discussion of issues of religious and political freedom considered by the &lt;br /&gt;Turkish state to be controversial. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom was created by the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 to monitor the status of freedom of thought, conscience, and religion or belief abroad, as defined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and related international instruments, and to give independent policy recommendations to the President, Secretary of State, and Congress. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Visit our Web site at www.uscirf.gov &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;800 NORTH CAPITOL STREET, NW SUITE 790 WASHINGTON, DC 20002 202-523-3240 &lt;br /&gt;202-523-5020 (FAX)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6888462692307173765?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6888462692307173765'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6888462692307173765'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/statement-by-us-commission-on.html' title='* STATEMENT BY THE U.S. COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-5219086046765834445</id><published>2007-01-22T11:58:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T11:59:51.255-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* STATEMENT BY HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH</title><content type='html'>Turkey: Outspoken Turkish-Armenian Journalist Murdered&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prosecutions for Speech Created Hostile Environment for Media&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(New York, January 20, 2007) – The Turkish government should fully investigate the murder of the influential and outspoken Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, Human Rights Watch said today. Dink, a commentator and critic of Turkey’s human rights record and the slow progress of its reform efforts, was the editor of Agos (Furrow), a bilingual Turkish- and Armenian-language newspaper.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dink was best known for his writing and public statements about the massacres of Armenians in southern Anatolia at the end of the Ottoman Empire, which remains one of the most controversial and emotionally charged issues in Turkey today. Dink had faced prosecution for his views and had reportedly also received death threats.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;“We are deeply saddened by Hrant Dink’s murder,” said Holly Cartner, Europe and Central Asia director for Human Rights Watch. “Dink’s killing robs Turkey of an important voice of conscience on the need for Turkey to come to terms with its past.”  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Dink had been prosecuted three times for his statements under article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code for “insulting Turkishness.” Most recently, in July 2006, the Supreme Court upheld a six-month prison sentence against Dink under article 301 for an editorial concerning the 1915 massacres of Armenians in Anatolia. The sentence was suspended, but other speech-related charges were still pending against him at the time of his death.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Turkey continues to prosecute and convict individuals who peacefully exercise their right to free expression. In 2006 alone, more than 50 individuals were indicted for statements or speeches that questioned state policy on controversial topics such as religion, ethnicity, and the role of the army. Human Rights Watch has repeatedly called for the repeal of article 301, as well as other legislation that is used to restrict free expression in Turkey.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;These repeated prosecutions, as well as growing political tensions in Turkey in the lead-up to 2007 presidential and parliamentary elections, have created an environment of intolerance and hostility, which increases the risk that such violent attacks will occur.  &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Human Rights Watch called on the Turkish government to conduct a thorough investigation into the murder of Hrant Dink and to hold accountable those involved in the murder. Human Rights Watch also again called on the Turkish government to abolish article 301 and to drop all charges against journalists, writers, and editors like Dink who face prosecution for their peaceful expression.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-5219086046765834445?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5219086046765834445'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5219086046765834445'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/statement-by-human-rights-watch.html' title='* STATEMENT BY HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-8376943722969191157</id><published>2007-01-22T11:51:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T11:52:54.372-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* STATEMENT BY PEN</title><content type='html'>PEN Alarmed by Murder of Armenian-Turkish Journalist&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;New York, NY, January 19, 2007—PEN, the international association of writers, is appalled by the news of the murder today of Armenian-Turkish journalist Hrant Dink, who was shot dead outside his office in Istanbul. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“We are horrified,” said Larry Siems, Director of Freedom to Write and International Programs at PEN American Center. “Hrant Dink was one of the heroes of the nonviolent movement for freedom of expression in Turkey—a movement in which writers, editors, and publishers have practiced civil disobedience by defying laws that censored or suppressed important truths in that country. Theirs is one of the most significant human rights movements of our time. Hrant Dink’s countrymen can help cement some of the gains he helped win for them by sending a strong, unified message that those responsible must be brought to justice for his murder.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dink, one of the most prominent ethnic Armenians in Turkey, was editor-in-chief of the Armenian-Turkish weekly newspaper Agos, a paper that seeks to provide a voice to the Armenian community and create a dialogue between Turks and Armenians. He was also a well-known commentator on Armenian affairs. In July 2006, Dink was handed a six-month suspended sentence for insulting Turkishness after writing an article which called for Armenians to “now turn their attention to the new life offered by an independent Armenia.” A week later, the Istanbul Public Prosecutor opened a new case against Dink for referring to the 1915 massacre of Armenians as a "genocide" during a July 14 interview with Reuters. Dink was awaiting his next trial for these charges at the time of his death. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Just before his assassination, Dink had complained of death threats he was receiving from nationalists. Early reports note that Dink was shot four times by a young man who appeared to be 18 or 19 years old. Police in riot gear surrounded Dink's office in downtown Istanbul. Forensic teams were combing the pavement outside for clues to the murder. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the past 24 months, PEN has followed over 60 cases of writers, journalists, and publishers who were brought before courts or faced prosecution for their writings. Around 15 of these are currently facing charges similar to those levied against Hrant Dink. Some recent notable cases include that of Orhan Pamuk, the Nobel laureate charged with insulting Turkishness for a comment published in a Swiss newspaper in 2005 in which he was quoted as saying that “thirty thousand Kurds and a million Armenians were killed in these lands and nobody but me dares to talk about it,” Turkish prosecutors later decided not to proceed with a court case against him; five journalists who were accused of “interfering” with the judiciary for their comments on attempts to ban a conference; and publisher Abdullah Yilmaz, who faces trial for issuing a Turkish edition of Greek writer Mara Meimaridi’s novel The Witches of Smyrna. Scenes in that book describing parts of the Turkish quarter of Izmir as dirty have triggered charges of “denigrating Turkish national identity.” &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jiri Grusa, International President of International PEN, the world association of writers, called the murder “a symptom of old hatreds that threaten the relationship of all Turkish people to the democratic values shared in Europe and the world.” PEN calls upon the Turkish government to do all in its power to apprehend Dink’s killer. &lt;br /&gt;For more information, contact: Larry Siems, (212) 334-1660, ext. 105, lsiems@pen.org&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-8376943722969191157?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/8376943722969191157'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/8376943722969191157'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/statement-by-pen.html' title='* STATEMENT BY PEN'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6929206195087516872</id><published>2007-01-22T09:52:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T09:54:02.698-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* STATEMENT BY AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL</title><content type='html'>Amnesty International Condemns Murder of Hrant Dink&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amnesty International deplores the murder today of the prominent Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink. The organization believes that he was targeted because of his work as a journalist who championed freedom of expression.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"This horrifying assassination silences one of Turkey's bravest human rights defenders," said Maureen Greenwood-Basken, Amnesty International USA (AIUSA) advocacy director for Europe and Central Asia. "Writers put their lives on the line when they cover human rights violations, as the cases of Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya, and now Hrant Dink, brutally illustrate.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"But legitimate debate about ideas must be protected. The Turkish government must redouble its efforts to protect human rights defenders and open its political climate to a range of views. Recent legal reforms have brought many areas of Turkish law in line with international human rights standards, but existing limitations on free speech such as Article 301 must be repealed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"The U.S. government, as one of Turkey's closest allies, should push for a full and transparent investigation into Dink's murder."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;AIUSA is a longstanding advocate of freedom of speech in Turkey and around the world. In an online action in October 2006, AIUSA activists sent thousands of messages urging repeal of Article 301.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dink, editor of the newspaper &lt;em&gt;Agos&lt;/em&gt; and contributor to the influential daily &lt;em&gt;Zaman&lt;/em&gt;, was reportedly shot three times today in Istanbul outside the Agos offices. He was 53. Dink was a passionate promoter of the universality of human rights who appeared on different platforms with human rights activists, journalists and intellectuals across the political spectrum. Best known for his willingness to debate openly and critically issues of Armenian identity and official versions of history in Turkey relating to the massacres of Armenians in 1915, Dink also wrote widely on issues of democratization and human rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"In Turkey there are still a number of harsh laws which endorse the suppression of freedom of speech," said Nicola Duckworth, Europe and Central Asia programme director at Amnesty International. "These laws, coupled with the persisting official statements by senior government, state and military officials condemning critical debate and dissenting opinion, create an atmosphere in which violent attacks can take place."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Last year, Dink was prosecuted for the third time on charges of "denigrating Turkishness" under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code. Amnesty International called for the repeal of that law and condemned his prosecution as part of a pattern of judicial harassment against him for peacefully expressing his dissenting opinion. Dink had already been given a six-month suspended prison sentence in July 2006 following an October 2005 conviction on charges of "denigrating Turkishness."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amnesty International calls on the Turkish authorities to condemn all forms of intolerance, to uphold the rights of all citizens of the Turkish Republic and to investigate Dink's murder thoroughly and impartially, to make the findings of the investigation public and to bring suspected perpetrators to justice in accordance with international fair trial standards.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6929206195087516872?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6929206195087516872'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6929206195087516872'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/statement-by-amnesty-international.html' title='* STATEMENT BY AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-7741037501551098607</id><published>2007-01-22T09:21:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T09:27:05.827-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* PAYAM AKHAVAN'S OP-ED IN THE NATIONAL POST</title><content type='html'>The long shadow &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Monday, January 22, 2007 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The prominent journalist and voice of Turkey's dwindling Armenian minority, Hrant Dink, was shot dead on Jan. 19 as he left his office in Istanbul. Dink was editor of Agos, the sole Armenian newspaper in Turkey. He had been prosecuted because of his call for recognition of Ottoman Turkey's 1915 massacre of 1.5 million of its ethnic Armenian citizens -- a crime against humanity that the Canadian House of Commons formally acknowledged in April, 2004. His murder starkly demonstrates how Turkish denial of this abomination, the first genocide of the 20th century, amounts to continuing violence against multi-ethnic democracy and pluralism. It is a painful reminder that without redemption for past injustices, the ghosts of history will cast a long shadow on Turkey's future. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Dink was convicted in October, 2005, of the crime of "insulting Turkishness" under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code. In being branded as a criminal for calling attention to the 1915 genocide, he joined the ranks of prominent fellow ethnic Turkish citizens, including the famous novelist Orhan Pamuk, recipient of the 2006 Nobel Prize in Literature, the renowned intellectual Murat Belge, who organized a conference on the Armenian genocide in 2005, and the courageous historian Taner Akcam, author of A Shameful Act which details Turkish responsibility for the events of 1915. These eminent Turks would argue that the greatest insult to "Turkishness" is the continuing denial of this historical tragedy, which brutally ripped Turkey's multiethnic fibre apart, and that the greatest disgrace is the appeasement of ethnic chauvinists who seek to destroy its modest but precious remnants. The truth that Mr. Dink and his fellow citizens upheld transcends ties of blood and soil. This was &lt;br /&gt;poignantly expressed at the candlelight vigil after his murder, where hundreds of Turks held signs reading: "We are all Hrant Dink. We are all Armenians." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Turkish Prime Minister, Recep Erdogan, condemned Mr. Dink's murder as a "bullet aimed at free speech." But so long as Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code criminalizes "insulting Turkishness," these remain empty words. Limitations on freedom of speech should apply to hate speech, not to speech against hate. Recognition of past injustice promotes mutual respect and redeems a shared humanity. But its denial sows the seeds of hatred, by perpetuating both the dehumanization of its victims and the moral depravity of its perpetrators. In a world where Holocaust denial is a crime, state-sanctioned denial of genocide is all the more reproachable. It is telling that when the House of Commons recognized the Armenian genocide in 2004, Turkey condemned "narrow minded Canadian politicians" who failed to understand that their decision "will awaken feelings of hatred among people of different [ethnic] roots and disturb social harmony." The murder of Mr. Dink should leave no doubt that social harmony is not achieved through appeasement of ethnic chauvinists. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Dink's last op-ed, written on Jan. 10, a few days prior to his murder, is a testament to his nobility and heroism. He speaks of death threats against him, but he fears for his family and not for himself. And despite his ordeal, he speaks of his abiding commitment to Turkey and its people: "There were moments when I seriously thought about leaving the country and moving far away. And especially &lt;br /&gt;when the threats started to involve those close to me." But to stay in Turkey "was necessary because we truly desired it and [had to do so] out of respect to the thousands of friends in Turkey [who] struggled for democracy and who supported us. We were going to stay and we were going to resist." In an allusion to the recurring trauma of collective destruction and exile, he reveals how strongly he was &lt;br /&gt;clinging to his beloved home: "If we were forced to leave one day, however? We were going to set out just as in 1915? Like our ancestors ?Without knowing where we were going? Walking the roads they walked through ? Feeling the ordeal, experiencing the pain? With such a reproach we were going to leave our homeland. And we would go where our feet took us, but not our hearts." It is in light of this vivid memory of 1915 that the magnitude of his murder becomes apparent, almost as if thoseunspeakable events have continued unabated to the present day. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his last days, Mr. Dink wrote that he felt the "unease of a pigeon" that must constantly live in fear of being preyed upon. But in an expression of unfailing hope and trust in his fellow Turkish citizens, he remained confident that "in this country people do not touch pigeons. Pigeons live their lives all the way deep into the city, even amidst the human throngs. Yes, somewhat apprehensive but just as much free." Yet, it was in the busy streets of Istanbul, amidst the human throngs, that he was shot to death. At least if this shocking betrayal awakens the Turkish people to the paramount necessity of atonement for the past, Mr. Dink's confidence in his &lt;br /&gt;fellow citizens may still be vindicated, and the restless ghosts of Ottoman times may finally repose in their sepulchers. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;- Payam Akhavan is a professor of International Law at McGill University in Montreal and a former UN war crimes prosecutor at The Hague. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;© National Post 2007&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-7741037501551098607?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7741037501551098607'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7741037501551098607'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/payam-akhavans-op-ed-in-national-post.html' title='* PAYAM AKHAVAN&apos;S OP-ED IN THE NATIONAL POST'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-4977666519698870789</id><published>2007-01-20T08:01:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T09:56:26.972-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* STEPHEN KINZER’S OP-ED IN THE BOSTON GLOBE</title><content type='html'>A journalist's dangerous mission &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;January 20, 2007 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE LAST TIME I met Hrant Dink, the Turkish-Armenian journalist who was murdered in Istanbul yesterday, I felt a sudden need to do more than just exchange pleasantries. This was several months ago, and we were sampling one of Turkey's great delights, dinner aboard a boat cruising the Bosphorus. Life for Dink, however, had become less than delightful. He was being fiercely denounced by the ultra nationalist press, and seemed subdued and preoccupied. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I pulled him aside and told him how important his work was, how much support he had in Turkey and beyond, and what a journalistic hero he had become. "I understand," he &lt;br /&gt;replied simply. "I do not stop." &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dink was in the forefront of a growing number of Turks who want their government to admit that leaders of the crumbling Ottoman Empire directed a mass slaughter of Armenians in 1915. These are the same Turks who want their country to break away from its authoritarian past and complete its march toward full democracy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Some Turkish nationalists, however, feel deeply threatened by their country's progress toward modernity. During the 1980s, they gunned down the country's leading journalists. In the 1990s they concentrated their fire on Kurdish nationalists, hundreds of whom were killed by death squads that acted with absolute impunity. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recent years, many Turks had allowed themselves to believe those bad days were over. But with an election campaign approaching, nationalist rhetoric is again surfacing in political speeches and militant newspapers. Much of it contains ugly insinuations that Armenians, Kurds, and members of other minority groups threaten Turkey's national unity and its very survival. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rare is the government official or military officer who condemns this rhetoric. Some not only encourage it but protect accused killers from prosecution. That has &lt;br /&gt;emboldened radicals and led them to believe that the state tacitly supports them. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By their silence, and by failing to condemn attacks like a bombing evidently staged by army officers in the Kurdish town of Semdinli 14 months ago, Turkish political &lt;br /&gt;leaders and military commanders helped set the stage for yesterday's murder. In his weekly newspaper, Agos, which was published in both Turkish and Armenian, Dink wrote as he pleased, refusing to observe unwritten taboos that shackle the Turkish press. He was charged several times with the Orwellian crime of "insulting Turkishness." On one occasion he was convicted, although his six-month sentence was suspended. Each time he appeared in court, a crowd of ultra nationalists staged a violent scene, showering him with abuse and trying to assault him. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This was the same gang that screamed insults at the Nobel Prize-winning novelist Orhan Pamuk when he was brought to trial last year. Dink attended Pamuk's trial in a show of solidarity, driving the militants to new heights of fury. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkish nationalists believed they won a great victory when, at the end of last year, the European Union suspended talks aimed at making Turkey an EU member. They still hope to turn back the democratic tide that is engulfing their country. Some apparently believe that if they cannot do it by indicting free thinkers, they can do it through murder. This attack has generated revulsion across Turkey. It will undoubtedly galvanize the country's large and increasingly bold corps of human rights advocates. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Their first step may be to intensify their campaign for repeal of the notorious Article 301 of the Turkish penal code, which places a series of restrictions on free press. To achieve that, and to finish reshaping Turkey's political system, will not be easy. Turkey is being torn by an epochal crisis of identity. The old and oppressive political tradition is dying, but its death throes are becoming disturbingly violent. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Political leaders, and their colleagues in uniform, seem to believe they can tolerate and even make use of ultranationalist ideologues. Yesterday's murder shows how dangerous that course is. Reports from Istanbul suggest that the man who committed the murder was very young, perhaps a teenager. His arrest will not calm outraged Turks. Their anger is directed not simply against the man who pulled the trigger, but also against those who created the venomous climate that made this crime possible. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey's violent ultra nationalist fringe, long supported by elements in the police and military, aims not only to kill journalists but also to stop the progress of Turkish history. No government has tried seriously to crush it. Yesterday's murder, and the wave of anger it has set off, gives Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan a chance to do so. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Stephen Kinzer is a former chief of the New York Times bureau in Istanbul and author of "Crescent and Star: Turkey Between Two Worlds."&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-4977666519698870789?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4977666519698870789'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4977666519698870789'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/stephen-kinzers-article-in-boston-globe.html' title='* STEPHEN KINZER’S OP-ED IN THE BOSTON GLOBE'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-4342389714027133373</id><published>2007-01-20T08:01:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-20T08:01:33.602-08:00</updated><title type='text'>*STATEMENT BY THE ARMENIAN ASSEMBLY OF AMERICA</title><content type='html'>Washington, DC – 19 January 2007 - The Armenian Assembly of America was shocked and appalled to learn of the tragic murder of one of the most prominent Armenian voices in Turkey, Hrant Dink, who was gunned down outside his newspaper office in Istanbul, Turkey, in what was a blatant political assassination. Dink was frequently and unfairly targeted by Turkish nationalists who labeled him a “traitor” for his public statements on the Armenian Genocide. &lt;br /&gt;The Assembly condemns the Turkish authorities for their failure to provide a safer political environment for Armenians in Turkey, despite repeated calls from the United States, the European Union and human rights groups urging Ankara to improve conditions for minorities in the country. Turkey is currently home to some 60,000 Armenians. &lt;br /&gt;The Assembly also remains deeply troubled by Ankara’s refusal to heed international calls to abolish Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code, which stifles freedom of speech and criminalizes public discussion of the Armenian Genocide. Hrant Dink himself stood trial several times for his public comments on the genocide and was convicted in October 2006 for “insulting Turkishness” under the much-criticized law. He received a six-month suspended sentence and was set to appear in court again in March 2007 for telling a foreign journalist that the events of 1915 constituted genocide. &lt;br /&gt;When prosecutors in Istanbul announced the new “denigration” charges, Amnesty International expressed dismay, saying “the organization considers that this prosecution is part of an emerging pattern of harassment against the journalist exercising his right to freedom of expression – a right which Turkey, as a State Party to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights has a legal obligation to uphold.” &lt;br /&gt;According to the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), “in the last 15 years, 18 other Turkish journalists have been killed for their work, making [Turkey] the eighth deadliest country in the world for journalists.” CPJ research further shows that “journalists, academic, and others have been subjected to pervasive legal harassment for statements that allegedly insult the Turkish identity.” &lt;br /&gt;“It is past time for Turkey to reform its laws and take serious steps to protect the rights of all its citizens,” said Assembly Board of Trustees Chairman Hirair Hovnanian. “No other human being in Turkey should have to pay the price with his life for his government’s lack of resolve to uphold the rule of law and respect for human rights.” &lt;br /&gt;The Armenian Assembly also calls on the United States, as a world leader, to end the vicious cycle of genocide denial in Turkey by adopting a congressional resolution reaffirming this fact of world history. &lt;br /&gt;Bryan Ardouny, Executive Director of the Armenian Assembly, said that “sadly 92 years after the start of the Armenian Genocide, Hrant Dink is now the latest victim of Turkey’s outrageous campaign of denial and intolerance.” &lt;br /&gt;“In light of this terrible tragedy, it is all the more inappropriate for the Administration to oppose congressional reaffirmation of the Armenian Genocide,” added Hovnanian. &lt;br /&gt;“In memory of Hrant Dink, we reaffirm our commitment to fight for universal reaffirmation of the Armenian Genocide,” Hovnanian continued. &lt;br /&gt;The Armenian Assembly of America is the largest Washington-based nationwide organization promoting public understanding and awareness of Armenian issues. It is a 501 (c) (3) tax-exempt membership organization. &lt;br /&gt;### &lt;br /&gt;Editor’s Note: For more information, please see the fact sheet below provided by the Armenian National Institute. &lt;br /&gt;Hrant Dink &lt;br /&gt;(1954-2007) &lt;br /&gt;Hrant Dink was one of the most prominent figures of the Armenian community in Turkey. In 1996 Dink founded a newspaper called Agos in order to reach the Turkish-speaking members of the Armenian community. He served as the newspaper’s editor in chief. &lt;br /&gt;On October 7, 2005, Hrant Dink was given a six-month suspended prison sentence after a trial in Shishli Second Criminal Court. He was prosecuted under Article 301 of the new Turkish criminal code which makes criticism of “Turkish national identity” a criminal offense. The Turkish criminal code was adopted as part of Turkey’s EU accession requirement. Hrant Dink appealed the court’s verdict and the suspended sentence and is seeking an acquittal. &lt;br /&gt;On February 24, 2006, the prosecutor’s office at the Appeals Court found fault with the lower court’s decision and ordered a new trial. &lt;br /&gt;On May 1, 2006, despite the prosecutor’s recommendation to overrule the lower court, the Court of Appeals in Istanbul (Supreme Court of Appeals Ninth Bureau) turned down the appeal, thereby upholding the lower court’s verdict. &lt;br /&gt;On May 16, 2006, Dink was in court again to face a new charge of “attempting to influence the judiciary,” which carries a possible sentence of up to three years. Charges were also filed against three other Agos associates, including Serkis Seropyan the publisher of Agos, Aydin Engin a Turkish journalist, and Arat Dink, the son of Hrant Dink. The trial began on July 4, but due to a courtroom melee was adjourned until December. A second indictment under article 301 was filed against Dink in September. &lt;br /&gt;In the meantime, on June 6, 2006, the Supreme Court of Appeals Prosecutor’s Office, the highest prosecutor’s office in Turkey, argued that Dink had not committed any crime and that the Court of Appeals annulment of the suspension was wrong. &lt;br /&gt;Hrant Dink was assassinated on January 19, 2007, in front of the office of the Agos newspaper in Istanbul, Turkey. He was born in Malatya, Turkey, on September 15, 1954. &lt;br /&gt;Armenian National Institute &lt;br /&gt;1140 19th St., NW, Suite 600 &lt;br /&gt;Washington, DC 20036 &lt;br /&gt;(202) 383-9009 &lt;br /&gt;© 2007 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Amnesty International issued the following statement on September 26, 2006. &lt;br /&gt;Turkey: Journalist targeted yet again &lt;br /&gt;Amnesty International is dismayed at today’s news that yet another case has been opened against journalist Hrant Dink on charges of “denigrating Turkishness” under Article 301 of the Turkish Penal Code. The organization considers that this prosecution is part of an emerging pattern of harassment against the journalist exercising his right to freedom of expression -- a right which Turkey, as a State Party to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, has a legal obligation to uphold. &lt;br /&gt;The latest charge against Hrant Dink was brought following a statement he made to Reuters news agency, in which he reportedly said of massacres of Armenians during the Ottoman Empire, “Of course I’m saying it’s a genocide, because its consequences show it to be true and label it so. We see that people who had lived on this soil for 4000 years were exterminated by these events.” Amnesty International is particularly concerned at this latest prosecution, the third against Hrant Dink on charges under Article 301, because it seems to constitute a pattern of judicial harassment against the writer for peacefully expressing his dissenting opinion. Furthermore, he has already been given a six-month suspended prison sentence following an October 2005 conviction on charges of “denigrating Turkishness” (upheld by the Court of Appeal in July 2006), and therefore if found guilty again on the same charge would be imprisoned. Should he be, Amnesty International would consider him a prisoner of conscience. &lt;br /&gt;Amnesty International considers this latest prosecution to be particularly disappointing following the welcome acquittal four days ago of another writer, novelist Elif Safak, on charges under Article 301 relating to statements made by characters in her novel The Bastard of Istanbul. The organization had seen this as a positive step for freedom of expression in Turkey but fears this acquittal may prove to be the exception rather than the rule and demonstrates yet again the failure of certain members of the Turkish judiciary and prosecution to internalize international law, as required by Article 90 of the Turkish constitution. The organization reiterates its call for Article 301 to be abolished in its entirety, thereby putting an end to arbitrary implementation of this ill-defined law. &lt;br /&gt;Finally, Amnesty International notes that this prosecution reportedly arises from a complaint lodged by elements of civil society opposed to the abolition of Article 301, who have lodged similar complaints in the past seeking to secure such prosecutions and who have repeatedly staged provocative and sometimes violent protests at trials, creating a threatening atmosphere in the courtroom. The organization calls on the Turkish authorities to ensure that all necessary measures are taken to ensure the protection both of the defendants, their lawyers and supporters in such cases, and of the course of justice itself. &lt;br /&gt;For further information about Amnesty International’s concerns regarding Article 301 please see Turkey: Article 301: How the law on “denigrating Turkishness” is an insult to free expression (AI Index: EUR 44/003/2006).&lt;br /&gt;###&lt;br /&gt;ARMENIAN ASSEMBLY OF AMERICA&lt;br /&gt;1140 19th Street NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036 • Tel. (202) 393-3434 • Fax:  (202) 638-4904 • www.aaainc.org&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-4342389714027133373?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4342389714027133373'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4342389714027133373'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/statement-by-armenian-assembly-of.html' title='*STATEMENT BY THE ARMENIAN ASSEMBLY OF AMERICA'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-444622994884714557</id><published>2007-01-19T17:04:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-19T18:46:23.504-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* NABİ ŞENSOY İLE SÖYLEŞİ</title><content type='html'>Türkiye’nin Washington Büyükelçisi Nabi Şensoy CNN Türk’te Hande Atay Alam’in sorularını yanıtladı.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19 Ocak 2007, Washington, D.C. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alam: Efendim, öncelikle CNN Türk'e konuşmayı kabul etttiğiniz çok teşekkür ederiz. Bugün biliyorsunuz, çok üzücü bir olay yaşadık. Agos gazetesi Genel Yayın Yönetmeni Hrant Dink’in öldürülmesiyle ilgili sizin hislerinizi ve düşüncelerinizi alabilir miyiz öncelikle?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Şensoy: Tabiatıyla bu havadisi aldığımız zaman bizim üzerimizde herşeyden evvel büyük bir üzüntü, hatta şok etkisi yarattı. Çünkü herşeyden evvel Hrant Dink, Türkiye'nin önde gelen gazetecilerinden bir tanesiydi. Onun için bu saldırıyı şiddettle kınayan seslere gönülden ben de katılıyorum. Tabiatıyla, Türkiye çok yüksek düzeyde bir entellektüeli ve çok iyi bir gazeteciyi kaybetmenin üzüntüsünü bir millet olarak yaşıyoruz. Tabiatıyla, buradan ailesine ve başta Ermeni cemaatimiz olmak üzere bütün Türk toplumuna, bütün Türk halkına başsağlığı diliyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alam: Bu olay sizce Amerika’da Kongre’de Ermeni soykırımı tasarısını nasıl etkileyecek?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Şensoy: Şimdi Ermeni tasarısı biliyorsunuz, Amerika’da ve başka ülkelerde uzun müddettir gündemde olan bir konu. Biz bu konunun yanlış bir yaklaşım olduğunu düşünüyoruz, çünkü Türkiye ile Amerika arasındaki yahut Türkiye ile Ermenistan arasındaki ilişkilere yararı olmayan bir takım faaliyetler yahut da teşebbüsler olarak gözüküyor. Başka ülkelerle de ilişkilerimizi de etkiledi. Bizim bütün temennimiz bu güne kadar olduğu gibi bu tasarının da, bundan evvelkilerin akıbetine uğrayacağı, Kongre’den sağduyulu Kongre üyelerinin sayesinde, ki bu konuda Bush yönetiminin de tam desteği vardır, böyle bir konunun geçmeyeceğini tahmin ediyorum açıkçası. Temenni ediyorum. Ve herşeyden evvel Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerinin geleceği, selameti, dostluk ve müttefiklik adına böyle bir gelişmenin olmayacağını düşünüyorum. Tabiatıyla, bu acı hadise belki hafızalardan kolay kolay silinmeyecektir. Ama bütün bunun sonucunda tasarıyla ilgili çok değişik bir algılamanın olacağını zannetmiyorum. Kendi ‘merit’leri üzerinden, olayın gerçekleri neyse onun üzerinden milletvekillerinin, Amerikan Kongresi’nin sağlıklı bir karar alacağını ve böyle bir tasarıyı benimsemeyeceğini zannediyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alam: Peki, biliyorsunuz Temsilciler Meclisi Başkanı Nancy Pelosi de bu tür girişimlere destek veren bir kişi, bu sizce nasıl etkileyecek?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Şensoy: Tabiatıyla söyleyeceğim şudur, kampanya sırasında söylenen sözler her zaman geçerli olmakla birlikte, politikacılar iktidara geldikten sonra yahut da sorumlu mevkilere geldikten sonra tabiatıyla gerçekleri daha iyi görme imkanına kavuşurlar. Ve zaman içinde o görüşlerinde değişiklikler yaparlar. O bakımdan benim de ümidim şu anda Demokrat ağırlıklı bir Kongre söz konusu olduğuna göre, bu göreve, bu yüce görevlere gelen kimselerin, yani Sayın Pelosi’nin ve diğer komite başkanlarının kendi sorumluklarının layıkiyle yerine getireceklerini ve o sorumluluklar tahtında hareket edeceklerini zannediyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alam: Yani Türk Amerikan ilişkilerinde çok büyük bir değişiklik olmayacağını söylüyorsunuz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Şensoy: Yani şunu söylemek istiyorum, o mevkiye gelen insanlar her halükarda Türk Amerikan ilişkilerinin önemini bilen ve o mevkiye geldikten sonra da daha iyi kavrayabilen insanlardır. Ona değer verenler, bu ilişkinin devamına değer veren insanlar, tabiatıyla o sorumluluk hissi dahilinde hareket edeceklerdir diye ümid ediyorum. Çünkü Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri sıradan bir dostluk ve müttefiklik ilişkisi değildir, sadece iki ülkeyi ilgilendirmez. Ayrıca bizim işbirliği yaptığımız çok alan vardır, çok bölge vardır, çok ülke vardır. Bütün bunların ilişkilerimizde zaman zaman dikkate alınması lazım. Biz de bunları her zaman dikkate alıyoruz. Amerikalı dostlarımız da bunlara itina etmişlerdir. Bundan sonra da itina edeceklerine eminim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alam: Bu Ermeni soykırımı tasarısı geçtiği taktirde Türkiye’nin tavrı ne olur?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Şensoy: Şimdi tabiatıyla, o spekülasyonlara girmek istemiyorum. Bizim bütün amacımız herşeyden evvel böyle bir tasarının geçmemesini sağlamaktır herşeyden evvel. Bu konuda Bush yönetiminin desteği arkamızdadır. Kongre’de bize, bizim gibi düşünen dost milletvekilleri vardır. Eminim ki, onlar da bu çalışmalarda bizlere yardımcı olacaklardır. Ve sonuç itibariyle bu tasarının herhangi bir şekilde Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerine zarar vermemesi için elinden gelen herkesin yapması gerektiği kanaatindeyim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alam: Çok teşekkürler efendim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Şensoy: Ben teşekkür ederim, sağolun.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-444622994884714557?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/444622994884714557'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/444622994884714557'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/trkiyenin-washington-bykelisi-nabi.html' title='* NABİ ŞENSOY İLE SÖYLEŞİ'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-7658755212710724805</id><published>2007-01-19T17:01:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-19T18:54:35.827-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* GAZETECİLERİ KORUMA KOMİTESİ’NDEN AÇIKLAMA</title><content type='html'>Merkezi New York'ta bulunan Gazetecileri Koruma Örgütü (CPJ) Ortadoğu Koordinatörü Joel Campagna, Hrant Dink’in öldürülmesi ardından, Yasemin Çongar’ın soruları üzerine, şunları söyledi. 19 Ocak 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Türkiye, gazeteciler için en tehlikeli sekizinci ülke”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Sorumlular bulunsun”&lt;br /&gt;“Hrant Dink’in korkunç bir cinayete kurban gitmesi bizi şoka uğrattı ve derin üzüntüye boğdu. Türkiye’deki birçok gazeteci ve yazar gibi Dink de, görüşleri nedeniyle siyasi kovuşturmaya uğramıştı, şimdi de en büyük bedeli ödedi. Türk hükümetini bu suçun cezasız kalmaması için herşeyi yapmaya çağırıyoruz.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“301 kaldırılsın”&lt;br /&gt;“Gazetecileri öldürenlerin adalet önüne çıkarılmaması, basın özgürlüğünü ve gazetecilerin işlerini yapmasını engeller. Birçok Türk gazetecisi ve yazarı gibi, Dink hakkındaki davalar da kanıtlıyordu ki, Türkiye’deki yasalar, özellikle de TCK 301, yetkililere gazeteciler hakkında siyasi kovuşturma imkanı veriyor. Dink’in anısına saygıyı yansıtacak en uygun adım TCK 301’i kaldırmaktır.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“15 yılda 18 gazeteci”&lt;br /&gt;“Son 15 yılda 18 gazetecinin yazdıkları nedeniyle öldürüldüğü Türkiye, dünyada gazeteciler için ölüm tehlikesinin en yüksek olduğu sekizinci ülke. Birçok gazeteci cinayeti çözümsüz kaldı. Dink’i öldürenler cezasını çekmeli.”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-7658755212710724805?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7658755212710724805'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7658755212710724805'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/gazetecileri-koruma-komitesinden_19.html' title='* GAZETECİLERİ KORUMA KOMİTESİ’NDEN AÇIKLAMA'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-3071659044844124635</id><published>2007-01-19T17:00:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-19T18:51:36.623-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* ABD’DEKİ ERMENİ DİASPORASINDAN TEPKİ</title><content type='html'>ABD’deki Ermeni diasporasının önde gelen isimlerinden, ABD-Ermenistan Kamusal İşler Komitesi (USAPAC) Başkanı Ross Vartian’ın Yasemin Çongar’a açıklaması. 19 Ocak 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Vicdan sahibi herkes bu cinayeti kınamaktadır. Bu, bir nefret ve hoşgörüsüzlük eylemidir. Gerçeğin inkarına ve gerçeği söyleyenlerin kovuşturmaya uğratılmasına dayanan ortam, bu cinayetten de sorumludur. Dink’in tek suçu, vicdan sahibi olmak ve ifade özgürlüğü hakkını kullanmaktı, ki bu da suç değildir. TCK’nın 301’inci maddesi değiştirilmelidir. Türkiye, AB’nin parçası olmak istiyorsa, tarihi gerçekle yüzleşmek ve ifade özgürlüğünü hayata geçirmek konusunda köklü değişiklikler yapmalıdır. Türkiye böyle devam edemez. Türk hükümetini cinayeti kınamaya ve sorumlusunu yakalamaya çağırıyoruz.”&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-3071659044844124635?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/3071659044844124635'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/3071659044844124635'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/abddeki-ermeni-diasporasindan-tepki_19.html' title='* ABD’DEKİ ERMENİ DİASPORASINDAN TEPKİ'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-4370301683347765119</id><published>2007-01-19T16:59:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-19T18:52:09.633-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* STATEMENT BY ATAA</title><content type='html'>January 19, 2007 - Washington, DC -- The Assembly of Turkish Americans strongly condemns the killing earlier today of Turkish Armenian journalist, Hrant Dink, in Istanbul. The ATAA urges the Turkish Republic to dedicate its best assets to the capture, trial and punishment of the perpetrator(s) of this heinous murder. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The killing of Mr. Dink is a great loss to Turkey. Mr. Dink was the editor of Agos, an Armenian-language newspaper in Istanbul, and also wrote for the Turkish daily, Zaman. He was a respected member and voice of Istanbul's prosperous and growing Armenian community. He advocated reconciliation on the Ottoman Armenian Tragedy of WWI. Unfortunately, he was also the subject of prosecution for his characterization of WWI Armenian deaths as genocide. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ATAA reaffirms that people are entitled to their own opinions and the expression of the same. Turks are struggling for the same rights in Europe and America. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Turkish Court of Appeals was right to vacate the conviction and remand the case that charged Dink under Law 301 for "insulting the Turkish identity." ATAA is confident in Turkish democracy's ability to address the difficulties of Law 301. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ATAA expresses that the killing of Dink ranks among the worst acts against the best interest of Turkey and regional peace and stability. ATAA urges all concerned parties that the Ottoman Armenian Tragedy is an extremely sensitive matter, the treatment of which requires the utmost care not to fuel the flames of extremism, particularly at a time when security, peace and stability in the Middle East is critical. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ATAA mourns the death of this fellow countryman, Mr. Hrant Dink, and the loss of this very important part of our community. We convey our deepest sympathies to his family and friends, and to the people of Turkey. &lt;br /&gt;_______________________________________________________ &lt;br /&gt;assembly@ataa.org &lt;br /&gt;Assembly of Turkish American Associations &lt;br /&gt;Home of 63 Turkish American Associations across U.S., Canada and Turkey &lt;br /&gt;1526 18th Street NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 Phone: (202) 483-9090 Fax: (202) 483-9092&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-4370301683347765119?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4370301683347765119'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4370301683347765119'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/ataa-comdemns-killing-of-turkish.html' title='* STATEMENT BY ATAA'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-7012453059259851057</id><published>2007-01-19T16:58:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-22T09:49:22.268-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* COMMENTARY BY THE ZORYAN INSTITUTE</title><content type='html'>January 19, 2007 &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The murder of Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink today came as a shock to all of us at the Zoryan Institute. About four years ago, he visited the institute and shared with us his vision of bringing together the Armenian and Turkish peoples through dialogue and reconciliation. He reiterated this vision at the scholarly conference in Yerevan in April 2005 and again at the Third Armenia-Diaspora Conference there last September. He was a passionate individual, devoted to promoting truth, freedom of speech, and democracy. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On behalf of the Zoryan Board and staff, we wish to express our deepest condolences to his family. We express our sympathies to the people of Turkey, who believe in what he stood for, as they have lost a staunch champion for human rights. We also express our sympathies to the Armenians of Turkey, who have lost a strong voice of leadership in the effort to reconcile the Armenian and Turkish peoples. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dink used his newspaper, Agos, as a vehicle to disseminate his views with conviction. He raised questions about Turkish history and the highly politicized Armenian Genocide issue, thus contributing to an open public debate. When addressing Armenians, he pleaded that Armenians, especially those in the Diaspora, who are primarily descendants of the survivors of the 1915 Genocide, not view the people of Turkey with the spectacles of that era, but rather to seek ways and means of sharing the truth with Turks in order to ultimately achieve reconciliation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unfortunately, Dink became disillusioned because of the events that had taken place over the past four years. Despite the promise of the Turkish Government to bring about freedom of speech and democracy, some 75 people were indicted under the notorious Article 301 of the Turkish Penal code. He was part of the Istanbul Conference in 2005, whose participants the Turkish Justice Minister called "traitors" and accused of "stabbing the nation in the back." Most of the people indicted under Article 301 were acquitted. He felt that he was being singled out, as a Turkish citizen of Armenian heritage, for rougher treatment for the same alleged offense. No one has been imprisoned in Turkey for breaching Article 301, but the appeals court confirmed a six-month suspended sentence against Dink. He was beaten by an angry mob when leaving the courthouse. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He was equally disillusioned by France's effort to penalize denial of the Armenian Genocide. He felt strongly that the law in both countries was being used to stifle freedom of speech and expression. It is ironic that, he, while being persecuted in his own country for referring to the massacre of Ottoman Armenians in 1915 as genocide, at the same time challenged the French Government to indict him under their proposed new law, in defense of the same right of free speech. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is our opinion that, while trying to promote freedom of expression and bring about mutual understanding between Turks and Armenians, Dink was a victim of the political struggle between the forces of democratization in Turkey and the forces of the "Deep State" that want to maintain the status quo. This casts a terrible chill on the entire human rights movement in Turkey and dims the hope of reconciliation. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Let Hrant Dink's vision and spirit stay alive and inspire all those who continue the struggle for universal human rights.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Zoryan Institute &lt;br /&gt;255 Duncan Mill Rd., Suite 310 &lt;br /&gt;Toronto, Canada M3B 3H9 &lt;br /&gt;Tel: 416-250-9807 E-mail: zoryan@zoryaninstitute.org&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-7012453059259851057?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7012453059259851057'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7012453059259851057'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/commentary-by-zoryan-institute-on.html' title='* COMMENTARY BY THE ZORYAN INSTITUTE'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-4350816543778642724</id><published>2007-01-19T16:58:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2007-01-19T18:50:46.758-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* STATEMENT BY ANCA</title><content type='html'>WASHINGTON, DC – 19 January, 2007- The Armenian National Committee of America (ANCA) mourns the loss of Hrant Dink, a leading Istanbul-based Armenian journalist murdered outside the offices of his Agos newspaper today amid a growing tide of official Turkish government prosecutions and nationalist pressure to silence his writings on the Armenian Genocide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Hrant Dink's murder is tragic proof that the Turkish government - through its campaign of denial, threats and intimidation against the recognition of the Armenian Genocide - continues to fuel the same hatred and intolerance that initially led to this crime against humanity more than 90 years ago," said ANCA Executive Director Aram Hamparian.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"Sadly, the Turkish government can continue denying the Armenian Genocide - against all evidence -in great measure due to the complicity of the U.S. Administration, which, at Turkey's urging, works against Congressional legislation commemorating this crime and has even nominated an Ambassador to Armenia, Dick Hoagland, who is on record denying that it was a genocide," he added. "Today's brutal murder serves as a wake up call to the United States and the entire international community to unite together in ending forever the Turkish government's denial of the Armenian Genocide."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hrant Dink was featured prominently in the anti-genocide documentary film SCREAMERS, which was screened before an overflow Congressional audience on Capitol Hill this past Wednesday. Representative Adam Schiff (D-CA), Congressional Armenian Caucus Co-Chairman Frank Pallone (D-NJ), Save Darfur, the ANCA Endowment Fund, and The Raffy Manoukian Charity sponsored the screening, which features the Grammy award winning band "System of a Down's" international efforts to end the cycle of Genocide. To watch excerpts of SCREAMERS featuring and interview with Hrant Dink, visit: http://www.screamersmovie.com/movie_clips.asp&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Last year, Dink was found guilty and given a suspended six-month sentence in Turkey for "insulting Turkishness," a violation of the Turkish Penal Code, for his statements affirming the Armenian Genocide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In a CNN-International interview earlier today, Hamparian explained that Dink's murder was a terrible tragedy, but not entirely a surprise, in light of the environment of escalating intolerance intimidation created by the Turkish government against those who openly acknowledge the Armenian Genocide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Congressman Adam Schiff (D-CA) has called on his House colleagues to join with him in praising Hrant Dink's courage in confronting the facts of the Armenian Genocide, and urging the Prime Minister of Turkey to repeal the law under which Dink was prosecuted.&lt;br /&gt;Armenian National Committee of America&lt;br /&gt;1711 N Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036&lt;br /&gt;Tel. (202) 775-1918  &lt;br /&gt;Fax. (202) 775-5648  Email.anca@anca.org&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-4350816543778642724?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4350816543778642724'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4350816543778642724'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2007/01/anca-mourns-loss-of-hrant-dink.html' title='* STATEMENT BY ANCA'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-3106753454464830932</id><published>2006-12-03T14:08:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2008-12-10T04:51:47.855-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* ORHAN PAMUK İLE SÖYLEŞİ</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_oWWsra6iuHY/RXNLdmTBYxI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mfMtHFGKMIA/s1600-h/20061122pamuk.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_oWWsra6iuHY/RXNLdmTBYxI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mfMtHFGKMIA/s200/20061122pamuk.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5004426582807372562" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2006 Nobel Edebiyat Ödülü’nü alan Orhan Pamuk, CNN Türk’te Yasemin Çongar’ın sorularını yanıtladı.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Foto: Jeffrey Zelevansky-Milliyet&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;22 Kasım 2006, New York&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: New York’tan merhaba. Amerika’nın seçkin, köklü eğitim kurumlarından Columbia Üniversitesi’nde Orhan Pamuk’un son aylarını geçirdiği yazıhanedeyiz. Orhan Pamuk’tan bu ayların hikayesini dinlemek üzere. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Orhan Pamuk, merhaba. Teşekkür ederiz, zaman ayırdığınız için. Öncelikle Nobel nedeniyle sizi yürekten kutlayarak başlamak istiyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Merhaba. Çok teşekkür ederim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bu yazıhanedesiniz ekimden beri, ekim başından beri. Önce onu sorayım, niye Columbia’dasınız? Ne işiniz var burada? Niye ders veriyorsunuz?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Üç dört yıldır, hatta beş altı yıldır çeşitli Amerikan üniversiteleri bana iş teklif ediyorlardı. İşte “Gel, burada hocalık et. Bir sömestre, iki sömestre falan” diye. Bunlar gene son zamanlarda iyice arttı. En son Chicago Üniversitesi, onların bir heyeti var, içinde bir yazar da vardır, “Sosyal Düşünce Komitesi” gibi. Bir de Princeton Üniversitesi, iş teklif ettiler. Princeton Üniversitesi’nde, romancı Tony Morrison emekli oluyordu…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: O da Nobel ödüllü bir romancı…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet. Tam onları düşünürken, Columbia’dan da teklif geldi. Zaten ben de her sene Amerika’ya bir bahaneyle bir ay, bazen bir kitabım çıktığı için kitap okuma turu ya da bazen üniversitelerden tek bir konuşma, iki gün gelme gibi teklifler oluyor, bunları her sene yanyana koyup, ben her sene zaten New York’a, bir ay, onbeş gün gelmeyi önemli bulurum. Garcia Marquez’in güzel bir lafı vardır, “Her sene bir kere New York’a gidip orada kitapçılara, müzelere filan ona bir bakmak, dünyada ne olup bittiğini, bundan sonra ne olacağını görmek için gerekli” diye…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Zaten sizin New York geçmişiniz de var.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, bundan yirmi sene evvel, karım Columbia Üniversitesi’nde doktora yaparken, ben de –şaka olarak da şimdi herkes söylüyor- karımın kocası olarak buradaydım. Hatta şimdi rektöre, burada Columbia’daki herkese de “Arkadaşlar, burada en eskiniz benim” diyorum, çünkü ben yirmibir sene evvel de gene buralarda, gene bu sokaklarda, gene bu binalardaydım işte. Ve o zaman “misafir öğretim üyesi” şeyiyle bir yıl kalırdık. Şimdi bu seferki gelişim, ki önümüzdeki yıllarda da devam etmeyi umuyorum, senede bir sömestre, hatta orada kontratımda bir sömestreden de az, işte ikibuçuk ay, bu sene bir sömestreden daha da az oldu. Ödül dolayısıyla da erken döneceğimi de söyledim. Her sene ben Columbia Üniversitesi’ne bir sömestreden biraz daha az bir süre geleceğim. Bu benim için bir mutluluk. Kitapçılara gitmek, New York’ta ne olup bittiğini takip etmek. Ve bazı dersler vereceğim. Onlar da iş… Buradaki ders yüküm de biraz hafif.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Ne öğretiyorsunuz?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Bu sene biraz da geç geldiğim için iki şey yaptım. Birincisi bir tane seminer var. İşte dünyada globalizm, demokrasi, insan hakları ve bizim laiklik dediğimiz, ama belki biraz daha başka bir kavram olan sekülerizm konularında bir profesör geliyor, konuşuyor, bizler de onun arkasından yorum yapıyoruz. Benimle birlikte bu dersi dört profesör veriyor ve başka profesörler de veriyor. Çok zengin bir ders. Ve ona katılıyorum her cuma. Bir de “yaratıcı yazarlık” dediğimiz, yani ileride yazar olmak isteyen gençlerin, üniversite öğrencilerinin okulu var. Bütün Amerika’da bunlar çok önemli. Benim çok da inandığım bir şey değil. Ayrıca orada ders verirken de, “Ben bu işe çok fazla inanmam ama” da diyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bu iş dersle olmaz diye mi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Bu iş dersle biraz olur, ama çok da fazla olmaz. Orada da bir mini seminer dedikleri bir şey yaptım. Yani üç hafta öğrenciler toplandı. Onlarla bir hikaye okuduk; Thomas Mann’ın bir hikayesini. Sonra da onun hakkında konuştuk. Sonra onu aştık. Hikaye nedir, nasıl olmalıdır, ki ben de çok iyi bir hikaye yazarı değilim, romancıyım, biliyorsunuz. Ama birazcık öğrencilerle konuşmayı da öğrendim, hoca olmayı da öğrendim. Aslında baştan bir sıkıntım da vardı, gerginliğim de vardı. Hayatta ben, belki biliyorsunuz, belki bilmiyorsunuz, 54 yaşındayım. Roman yazmaktan başka hiçbir iş yapmadım. 54 yaşında Columbia Üniversitesi’ndeki bu hafif işim, güzel de gördüğünüz gibi bir evim var, ofisim var, aslında çok yorucu bir iş değil. Ve Columbia Üniversitesi Rektörü de, bana bu işi verenler de, “Sen burada gel, ama romanını yaz. Biz biliyoruz, sen azıcık gelirsin” dediler. Artık böyle cazip bir teklife de “evet” dedim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Romanınızı yazabildiniz mi ona geleceğim aslında, ama buraya geldikten hemen 10 gün sonra galiba Nobel açıklandı…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: İster istemez herhalde bir anda dünyanız değişti… &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Çok fazla değişmedi aslında. Ama değişti, onu da kabul etmek gerekir. Yani şimdi ben buraya gelmiştim. Tam Nobel’in açıklandığı sabah aslında… İşte geldim, bir haftada böyle büyük bir hızla masamı, yatağımı… Boş bir eve girdim. Burada bir dükkan var. Boş bir evi doldurmak için örtüden çatala bıçağa kadar herşeyi satan bir dükkan var. Oradan bütün alışverişimi yaptım. Neredeyse bir çeyrek minibüs dolusu. Eve onları yerleştirdim. Yerleştirirken bıçaklarla elimi kestim. Kan ter içinde kaldım. Bir de bütün bunları ben hayatta ilk defa yapıyorum. Hep hatırladım ki annem yardım etmiş, eşim yardım etmiş, birileri yardım etmiş. Hayatta ilk defa böyle… Çok da şikayetçi değilim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bir de manzaralıymış eviniz, onu duyduk…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, Columbia Üniversitesi’nde böyle hocalara verilen evler var. Biraz profesörlerle de, “Senin evin iyi, benim evim iyi” diye konular var. O anlamda, biraz şaka yaparak da bunu söylüyorum. Columbia Üniversitesi Rektörü haziran ayında İstanbul’a gelmişti, orada benim evimin manzaralı olduğunu gördükten sonra, burada da bana jest olarak güzal manzaralı da bir daire verdi. Memnunum hayatımdan. Çalışıyorum da, ders yüküm de ağır değil. Türkiye’de olmama sıkıntısı dışında bir derdim de fazla yok. Ama doğru, haklısınız, bu ödülden sonra, Nobel Ödülü’nden sonra, beklediğim gibi… Burada herşeyi hazırladım, tam “herşeyi hazırladım, masayı da hazırladım, yarın sabah yazacağım” derken telefon çaldı ve ödül aldığımı öğrendim ki, ondan beri de ne yazık ki Masumiyet Müzesi adlı romanıma devam edemedim. Ama mazeretimi kabul edin artık, hocam…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Masumiyet Müzesi’ne döneceğim, ama herhalde öğrencilerinizin ilk baştaki sizi dinlemeleri ile Nobel aldıktan sonraki dinlemeleri arasında biraz fark vardır. Hele o yazar olmaya çalışanlar açısından…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, şimdi o yazarlık kısmında, burada Amerika’da da okurlarım epey var. Ödül aldıktan sonra gittiğimde herkes bööyle bakıyor ve ben de onlarla göz göze gelmemek için kaçıyorum. Ama bir tane ders verecektim ve orada bir hata yaptım. “Kaç öğrenci istiyorsunuz” dediler. Ben de “Kim istiyorsa gelsin” dedim. Birden 80 kişi derse yazıldı. Böylelikle 80 kişi yazılınca, tartışarak konu açılır, öğrenciyi bilirsiniz, tanırsınız, bir daha sorarsınız, öyle bir şeye imkan yok. Ben de o zaman kürsü gibi bir yerden nutuk atıyor oldum, kötü oldu ve o beni gerdi. Ve hayatta bir profesör olarak ya da hoca olarak, ne derseniz deyin, verdiğim ilk derslerden biriydi. Ama Nobel’in şöyle bir faydası oldu, dersten sonra bütün sınıf ayağa kalktı, beni alkışladılar. Tabii, anlayamadık, benim dersim güzel olduğu için mi alkışlıyorlar, beni mi, yoksa o Nobel’i mi? Ama hiç olmazsa durumu ilk derste kurtardık, ben de rahat ettim. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Tamam, Masumiyet Müzesi’nin mazereti var. Mazeretiniz var Masumiyet Müzesi’ni geciktirmek konusunda, ama mazeretiniz olamayacak bir konu Nobel konuşması, tabii. Siz bu arada bir de bu konuşmayı yazdınız…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, bu konuşmayı yazdım, bitirdim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Tarihe geçen konuşmalar oluyor Nobel ödüllü yazarların kabul konuşmaları…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Öyle olmasını umuyoruz. Kötü bir konuşmaysa tarihe marihe geçmez, sadece Nobel’in websitesine geçer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Biraz ondan bahsetmenizi istiyorum. Tabii, bu bir sürpriz, sonuçta Stockholm’de dinleyecek dünya bunu sizden ilk olarak. Ama ödülü verirken İsveç Akademisi, İstanbul üzerinde durdu, sizin şehrin o şizofrenik yapısını yansıtmanız üzerinde durdu…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: “Şizofrenik” demediler…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: “Şizofrenik” demediler, ama o ikilemi, renkliliği, çeşitliliği…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: “Kültürlerin çatışması” dediler…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Başka Nobel alan yazarların ödül konuşmalarına baktığımız zaman, mesela Necip Mahfuz’un konuşmasını okudum. Diyor ki işte, “Ben iki ayrı uygarlığın çocuğuyum. Firavunların ve İslam’ın çocuğuyum. Ve o da böyle bir ikilemden ve kültürlerin kaynaşmasından, çatışmasından bahsediyor. Kenzaburo Oe, nitekim, Japonya’nın benzer ikileminden bahsediyor. Yani bu aslında hep olan bir tema, önemli yazarların işlediği bir tema. Kendi dünyası ile kendi ülkesi ile dünya arasında, Batı arasında, Doğu arasında… Bunlar üzerinde mi duracaksınız? Ne tür temalar size ilham veriyor bu konuşma için?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Şimdi tabii, ben Nobel konuşmasını yapmadan evvel konuşmam yerinde değil. Ama bu konuşmalar genellikle, ben de okudum sizin gibi, yazarın bütün hayatı, eserleri, bütün hayatı boyunca bulduğu, esinlendiği en parlak şeyler, en orijşnal şeyler, o yazarı o yazar yapan, o değişik kişilik, kimlik yapan özellikler üzerine yazarın son bir kere daha derli toplu bir sözü gibi bir şey oluyor. Bunun farkındayım. Elbette benim konuşmamda da, benim konumun, işte Türkiye’nin konumu, kültür falan gibi şeyler de var. Fazla ayrıntısına girmeyeyim. Benim babamın bir bavulu vardı. Bu bavulun içine, babam yazar olmak istemişti ve bir sürü defter doldurmuştu, bu defterlerin hiçbirini sonra istediği gibi…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Hikayeler mi bunlar?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Hikayeler, parçacıklar, roman parçacıkları, günce, şiirler, çeviriler… aklınıza ne gelirse ve bunların hiçbiri yayımlanmamıştır. Ve bir gün vefatından kısa bir süre önce onları bana getirdi. Birazcık buna da kenarından değiniyorum. Bu kadarını söyleyeyim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Babanızın bavulundan yola çıkan bir konuşma diyelim…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki yine dikkatimi çeken bir şey, Nobel ödülü alan yazarlar hem kendi ülkelerinin edebiyatından, ama şart değil, hem de dünya edebiyatından çok alıntılar yapıyorlar. Etkilendikleri, ilham aldıkları, paralel düşündükleri yazarları da o konuşmanın içine katıyorlar. Siz böyle bir şey yapacak mısınız?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Benimkinde de, ben düşünmeden, siz şimdi bana sordunuz ya, ben de yapmış mıyım diye, yaptım ben de… Ama çok fazla ayrıntısına girmeden… Ferhat ile Şirin’den de, bilmem Montaigne’den de ister istemez insan kendini ifade edebilmek için bahsediyor. Edebiyat zaten kendi sözünüzü başkalarının sözü üzerine, başkalarının sözü ile birleştirmekle yapılan bir şeydir. Bir odaya kapanıp yazı yazarsınız tamam. Bir odaya kapanıp yazı yazarken tek başına değilsinizdir, bütün bir gelenek sizin yanınızdadır. Ve her zaman o da sizinle konuşur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bütün o süzülüp gelen şeylerin sizi bulması…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, ve öyle bir kürsüye çıktığınız zamanda, orada da bazen laf geldiği için Dostoyevski’den bahsedersiniz. Bazen de işte efendim Montaigne’in geleneğini sürdürdüğünüze inandığınız için bahsedersiniz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Türkçe konuşacağınızı biliyorum. Bazı yazarlar kendi dillerinde konuşmamışlar. Niye özellikle Türkçeyi seçtiniz?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Bana doğalı böyle geldiği için. Çünkü bütün dünya bakacağı için. Hatırlayacaksınız bundan, belki seyretmişsinizdir, Frankfurt’ta Barış Ödülü’nü aldım. Aşağı yukarı benzer oraya da kızımla gitmiştim. Kızım o arada büyüdü, o yeni başka değişik elbiseler alarak gelecek. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Ne mutlu kızınıza, bir ödül töreninden diğerine…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, inşallah orada da mutlu olacağız. Orada da Türkçe konuşmuştum. Çünkü ben Türkçe ile yazıyorum. Türkçe benim, sabahtan akşama kadar, istersem New York’ta oturayım, istersem seyahat ederken yazayım, istersem uçakta yazayım, bu benim rengim, bu benim herşeyim. Ben oradan girmeliyim söze. İngilizce konuşursam belki oradaki yüz tane İsveçliye ve yabancılara ilgi çekici gelir ama, bu da oyunun ve benim kimliğimin bir parçası ve doğal olanı da o. Ama İngilizce konuşma yapacağım ödül töreninde küçük bir yer var. Ödül töreninde bir de yemek yiyeceğiz hep birlikte. Ondan sonra ödül alanın çıkıp esprili bir konuşma yapması lazımmış, o da İngilizce olmalıymış. Onu İngilizce yapacağız bakalım.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki, şimdi siz çok uzun yıllardır aslında “Nobel alabilecek bir yazar” olarak dünya eleştirmenleri tarafından yazılıyor, çiziliyordu, hatta önemli romancılar bunu çok uzun zamandır yazıyorlardı. Daha sonra tabii adaylığınız sözkonusu oldu ve bu işte birkaç yıldır konuşuluyordu. Ve şimdi siz Nobelli bir yazarsınız artık. Bu nasıl bir değişim? Gündüz ile gece gibi mi? Bir anda “Eh, şimdi ben Nobelli bir yazarım” deyince herşey farklı mı artık? Şunu da sormak istiyorum, 54 yaşında Nobel’i alıyorsunuz, çok erken alıyorsunuz…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Hayır, aslında bakın ben de öyle sanmıştım. Ben açıkçası bana bu yıllarda Nobel vereceklerini düşünmüyordum. Çünkü zaten fazla üzerime gelenler vardı. İşte “Nobel almak için şunu yaptı, Nobel almak için bunu yaptı.” Çok ayıp ediyorlardı. Yalnız o sebepten değil, beni seven dostlar da bu havaya uyup buna inanıp bu konuyu açınca sinirleniyordum. “Bu yaşta vermezler” diye ve biraz da içimi rahatlatmak için. Çünkü bu konuya kafayı takmak istemiyordum. Kendi kendimi dolduruşa getirmek istemiyordum. Hiç mi bu ödülü bana vermezler? Her yazar gibi, ünüm de artmış, kitaplarım 45 dile çevrilmiş, bir Türke verilmemiş, birgün bana da verirler, verebilirler diye düşünüyordum, ama 10 yıl sonra verirler, diye düşünüyordum. Ama ödülü aldıktan sonra, ben de genç yaşta aldığımı düşündüm. Ama sonra Nobel Vakfı’ndan bir kitapçık geldi. Nobel alanlar, fizikte, kimyada… Edebiyattakilerin listesine bakınca benim değer verdiğim yazarların, beni etkilemiş yazarların… sayayım onları, Thomas Mann, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, William Faulkner ve Hemingway… hepsi 53-54-55 yaşlarında almış. Faulkner benden genç almış. Hiçbirimiz, Faulkner’ın Nobel’i genç aldığını bile bilmiyoruz. Thomas Mann ki beni kitaplarıyla çok etkilemiştir, çok büyük yazardır. Alman yazar, büyük romancı Thomas Mann tam benim yaşımda almış. Gabriel Garcia Marquez hepimiz okuyoruz, Türkiye’de çok sevilen yazar. O benim yaşımda almış. O zaman ben de ilk baştaki düşüncemi, bu ödülü bana genç yaşta verdiler düşüncesini kaybettim. Normal geldi. O düşünceden de çıktım.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Ama şurası da bir gerçek, 60’ında, 70’inde ve daha da sonra alanlar da var. Sonuçta Nobelli yazarlar için, belki hepsi için doğru değil bu ama, genelde bir ömrün yapıtına verilmiş oluyor ödül ve ondan sonra da çok fazla üretme şansı da bulamayabiliyor yazarlar. Şimdi inşallah herşey yolunda giderse, önünüzde uzun bir üretken dönem var sizin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Şimdi size bir tane şaka yapayım önce. Genç almak konusunda, Nobel almak konusunda. Yani Nobel almanın güzel bir yanı da var, onu da biraz yaşadım. Böyle “Aman ne diyecekler, gene işi siyasi mi yapacaklar” gibi üzüntüler de oluyor. Gene de Türkiye Nobel aldı, Türkiye’ye ilk defa Nobel getirilmesine vesile oldum. Bütün bunlar benim için inanılmaz sevinç. Bunu Türkiye’de de paylaşmak çok isterim. Bunların bozulmasını da istemem. Ama her zaman bozan insanlar da çıkıyor. Neyse geçelim. Bu kendiliğinden geldiği için, genç almak konusunda bir şaka yapayım. Birisi “Nasıl bir his” diye sordu. Ben de ona dedim ki, yani biraz da neşeli bir halimdeydi, memnundum kendimden, bir kadeh de içmiştim galiba. “Çok güzel bir his, bana niye daha evvel vermedikleri için kızdım, insana bu doğduğu zaman verilmeli”… Çünkü böyle bir prens gibi, çocukluğuma dönmüş gibi hissediyorum. Herkes size gülüyor, herkes çok saygılı davranıyor. Öyle bir yanı var. Onun için yani erken aldım, genç aldım, ama 54 yaşımda anlmışsam, ben kendimi yazar olarak daha evvelden, bu ödülden evvel yazdığım yazılarda da söyledim. “Bir 30 yıl daha yazabilmek isterim” dedim. Ben kendimi edebi, artık ne derseniz deyin, edebi serüvenimin ortasında hissediyorum. Sonunda değil. Onun için de ortasında olmak, bu ödül yazacağım kitaplara bakışımı da yavaş yavaş kuvvetlendirecek. Hani şöyle bir şey olur… İkinci konuya yavaş yavaş geçiyorum. O da şudur: Bu bir klişe de diyebiliriz, bassmakalıp laf da... “Aaa, Nobel aldı, ondan sonra birşey yazamadı. Zaten kurumuştu. Bu ödül de onu çok etkiledi, ondan sonra emekli oldu.” Benim için böyle olmayacağından emin olabilirsiniz Yasemin Hanım. Şöyle de hissediyorum. Nobel aldım, öğrendim. İki gün böyle bir bayram havası yaşadım. Birazcık da “Aman medya ne yapacak gene” diye endişem de oldu. Üçüncü gün kuvvetli bir şekilde, herşeyi unutup masaya gidip şu anda yazdığım romanı bitirmek istedim. Şu anda yazdığım roman güzel, onu söylemek istemiyorum. Yazmak istedim. Yani şu anda en kuvvetli hissettiğim şey, birbuçuk aydır da romanımı yazamıyorum. En kuvvetli hissettiğim şey, tıpkı bazı futbolcular vardır, bir hafta cezalıysa öbür hafta çok iyi oynar, onlar gibi yazmak istiyorum. Öyle bir endişem, “Aman Nobel aldı, ondan sonra da tiriti çıktı, kurudu…” böyle bir derdim yok benim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki ama şunu sormak istiyorum. Nobel’in getirdiği bir psikolojik baskı oluyor mu sizin üstünüzde? Belki diyebilirsiniz ki, “Zaten yarım milyon okurum vardı… Artık elim daha da rahat, çok daha farklı şeyler yazabilirim.” Ya da belki tam tersi, artık sizden belli bir şey bekleniyor da, ona uymak zorunluluğu mu? Bir şekilde kategorize ediyor mu ödül sizi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Bu psikolojiyi anlatayım. Nobel’den sonra, “Ayy, şimdi ilk cümleyi yazıyorsun… Ayy Nobelli yazar. Ayy dur sileyim yahu, bu o kadar…” Böyle bir endişe hissetmiyorum. Ancak buna benzer bir endişe yakın zamanda hissediyordum. Çünkü kitaplarım 45 dile çevrilmişti. Ve işte ne bileyim, şimdi Masumiyet Müzesi diye bir roman yazıyorum üç yıldır. Ayy, bu kitap da 30 dile çevrilecek, aman şunu iyi yazayım, bu cümle de yakıştı mı? şeylerim vardı. Nobel bunu ne kadar arttıracak, beni ne kadar “Ayy kötü yazmayayım, biraz daha dikkat edeyim” endişesi verecek bilemiyorum. Bunun çok olacağını sanmıyorum. Çünkü bunun büyük bir kısmını yaşadım. Ben 46 dile kadar çevrilmiştim Nobel’in açıklandığı ekim ayının başına kadar. Ondan sonra yalnızca üç dil daha Nobel almış diye çevirdiler. Vietnam, Bangladeş’e ve İspanya’nın Bask bölgesine.. Üç ayrı dil daha hadi 49 etti çeviri… Benim tamam daha çok okurum olacak, kitaplarım çıktı bütün o ülkelerde kitapların hepsi yeni baskılar yapıyor. Ya da erken dönen kitaplarım ya da çevrilmemiş kitaplarım çevriliyor. Patlama var. Zaten bir süre ülkede kitaplarım çok satanlar listesindeydi. Daha da çok oldu. Ama çok da büyük, okura seslenmek, okur bulmak açısından çok büyük bir yenilik değil benim için.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Evet, o size Nobelle gelen bir şey değil, ama 45 dilde okunuyor olmak, yarım milyonu aşan bir kitlenin artık sizin okurunuz olması, sizin sunumunuzu etkiliyor mu? Sizin seslendiğiniz farklı bir kitle var. İlle bunlar Türk değil ya da Türkçe bilen insanlar değil, ille de Avrupalılar değil. İşte Latin Amerikasından Çinine kadar  herkes okuyor sizi. Bu sizin yazarlığınızı etkilemiyor mu?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Yarım milyon da değil, daha da çok. Kar, birbuçuk milyon okura ulaştı. Benim Adım Kırmızı’nın bugünlerde ulaştığı okur sayısı bir milyon. Herhalde bu anda yazdığım Masumiyet Müzesi de, Türkiye dahil hepsini toplayınca böyle sayılara ulaşacak. Ama bu beni çok fazla korkutmuyor. Çünkü eğer ben 25 yaşında yazarlığa başlayıp 30 yıl geçsin hiçbir şey olmasın, 31’inci yıl güm diye böyle bir şey olursa, böyle bir endişe olur. Ama ben buna alışa alışa ilerledim. Bana okurlar bir gecede gelmedi. 30 yılda yavaş yavaş, halka halka, halka halka her kitapta büyüyerek geldiler. Onun için evet, insan düşününce, “Ahh, bu kadar çok adam okuyacak. Nasıl yazıyorsun yaa” diye de düşünebilirsiniz. Ama gazetelerde köşe yazarları da bir milyon kişi okuyacak diye hergün yazıyorlar.   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Ama ben biraz da okurdaki çeşitlilik açısından söylüyorum… Farklı bir beklenti olabilir sizden.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Beklentilere bakmıyorum. Ben kitaplarımı… Mesela ben şu anda bitirdiğim kitabı sekiz sene evvel düşünmeye başlamıştım. Bitirdiğim diyorum, bitirmeyi umduğum kitabı, dört senedir de yazıyorum bu Masumiyet Müzesi’ni. Bundan sonra yazacağım kitabın notlarını ben beş senedir alıyorum. Yazarlık benim için planla yapılan, uzun vadeli iştir. Bu yavaş yavaş ilerliyor olmanın, notlar almanın da faydali bir yanı var. Hiçbir zaman güncel bu çeşit dalgalanmalardan, siyasi olarak saldırılar olabiliyor, kötü durumlara düşebiliyor insan, ya da işte böyle ödül olabiliyor. Bunlardan romancılığınızın, en azından konu açısından beklenti açısından etkilenmiyorsunuz. Çünkü bir yolda uzun zamandır hazırlık yaptığım bir şey.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Onu da sormak istiyorum. Ben sizi düşünürken, “Nobel sonrası nasıl yazacak acaba, nasıl bir psikolojiyle yazacak” diye, sizin hep kullandığınız ikiz olgusu var ya, birkaç romanınızda kullandınız, aklıma o geliyor. “Küçükken Orhan diye bir başka çocuğun, bir başka evde, benim gibi yaşadığını düşünüyordum” diye başlıyor İstanbul kitabınız. Acaba böyle bir yerde Nobel ödülünü almamış, bütün bu siyasi tartışmaların belki odağı haline gelmemiş, bütün bu heyecanı şu anda yaşamayan bir Orhan Pamuk var ve o masasında hala romanını yazıyor mu? Böyle biraz uzak durabiliyor musunuz yazar olarak? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Şimdi Nobel ödülü aldım, daha önceden bir dava oldu, pekçok siyasi durum içersinde son 10-15 yıl içersinde oldum. Bütün bunlar tabii beni psikolojik olarak yordu. Bütün bunların yoğunluğu benim yazı yazarken masama da kötü bir rüzgar olarak arada bir geliyor gidiyordur. Ama zaten ben yazar olmayı, roman yazmayı günlük hayattaki bu sıkıntılardan dertlerden... Bir iş yerinde ne emir vererek ne emir alarak çalışamayacağımı 18 yaşında anladım ve kendi başıma roman yazdım bütün hayatım boyunca. Çünkü öyle şeyler beni çok üzüyor, çok dertli yapıyor. Bu tür şeylerden hiçbiri olmasa diye de düşünüyor insan. Tabii bunlar kaçınılmaz. Elbette o rüzgarlar insana masa başında da geliyor. Ama bende bir kendimi koruma mekanizması da var. Ben romanı zaten o yüzden, rüzgarlar beni etkilemesin diye yazıyorum. Ben kendime ikinci bir alem kurayım, orada yaşayayım ki hayattaki zorluklar, sıkıntılar yazdığım hayal dünyasına girmesin. Yazdığım romanlarda sıkıntılar, dertler var. Ama roman yazmak beni kurtarır. Yani hayatta dertliysem, hayatta buhranlı zamanlarımda, artık anlatmayayım, ne bileyim, eşimden ayrılırken falan ben sabahleyin duş alıp, soğuk duş alıp masama oturarak kendimi korumuş biriyim. Dertli olmak benim, “Git yaz, dertlerden kurtulursun. Onların geçici olduğunu anlarsın” felsefesi ile ya da içgüdüsüyle yaşamış biriyim. Evet, dertler var bitmiyor ya da Nobel ödülü de dert mi, sen sevin diyeceksiniz…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Her sevinci derde dönüştürmeyi bilen bir toplum olarak…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Ama yazarım ben. Öyle bir derdim yok. Dert olunca yazmayı alışkanlık edinmiş biriyim belki de.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki o zaman hem bir sığınak, hem bir de silah olarak Masumiyet Müzesi ne zaman bitecek? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Masumiyet Müzesi üzerinde dört yıldır çalıştığım bir kitap. 1975 ile günümüz arasında, İstanbul’da, gene Nişantaşı’nda ya da Taksim’de, Beyoğlu’nda daha çok İstanbul’da geçiyor. Zengin bir adamın aynı aileden uzak bir akrabası kıza aşık olmasının hikayesi. Çok da bildiğimiz bir hikaye. Çok melodramatik, Türk sinemasına, Türk filmlerine layık temalar, müzikler de var içersinde. Umuyorum ki Masumiyet Müzesi’ni gelecek sene bugünlerde bitireceğim. Gelecek sonbaharda tekrar Columbia Üniversitesi’ne gelip dersimi verdikten sonra, onlarla da konuştum, erken döneceğim inşallah, aralık ayında Türk okuruna Masumiyet Müzesi’ni 2007 aralığında da Türkiye’de de çıkartacağımı umuyorum. Mahsus bir de böyle söylüyorum. Hani vardır ya, “Aralıkta sigarayı bırakacağım, bırakmazsam abi gözüm kör olsun.” Onun gibi de, çıkarmazsam da gözüm kör olsun. Ne diyeyim artık.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*****&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: New York’ta, Columbia Üniversitesi’nde Orhan Pamuk’la söyleşimize devam ediyoruz. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evet, Orhan Pamuk, Masumiyet Müzesi’nden bahsettik. Biraz bize konusunu anlattınız. İnşallah 2007 sonunda bekliyoruz kitabı. Biraz üslupla ilgili sormak istiyorum size. Demin Thomas Mann’dan bahsettiniz çok genç yaşta Nobel’i aldığını bize hatırlatarak… Sizin Cevdet Bey ve Oğulları, ilk yayımlanan, ödüller alan romanınız, biraz Buddenbrook Ailesi’ne benzetilir. Öyle bir aile romanı. Daha klasik bir roman, anlatımı itibariyle. Sonra bu klasik anlatımdan yavaş yavaş uzaklaştınız. Kimi postmodern diyor, kimi pastiş diyor, bütün bu yeni teknikleri kullanarak artık yazıyorsunuz. Bundan sonra, Nobel’i de almış olmanın verdiği bir rahatlamayla belki, çok daha farklı şeyler deneyecek misiniz? Mesela sanal alemi daha fazla deşen, biraz daha internet romanı gibi şeyler… Üslup olarak yepyeni birşeyler getirmek roman sanatına, bu sizin derdiniz mi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Derdim tabii. Bir de şu, ben kitaplarımı demin de söylediğim gibi, uzun yıllar düşünüp planlayıp notlar alıp çalıştıktan sonra yazıyorum. Onun için Nobel aldıktan sonra şunu yaparım desem, eh yap bakalım… hazır birşeyim yok. Ben bundan evvel hazırladığım, düşündüğüm zaten hepsi 6-7 tane roman tasarımım vardır. Herşeyiyle olmasa bile, herşeyine yakın bir şekilde hazır. Onlardan birini seçip yazacağım. Ame benim yazarlığımda her zaman deneysel olmak, Batı’nın yaptığı şeyleri körü körüne kopya değil, bize uygun ya da bana uygun ya da deneysel ya da kimsenin yapmadığı bir şeyi yapmak gibi tasalarım dertlerim oldu. Birazcık da bu ödülün veriliş gerekçelerinden birinde de “roman sanatını değiştirmesi” denmesi doğrusu beni de çok sevindirdi. Tamı tamına 32 yıldır yaptığım şeyin de roman sanatını… Tabii, ilk başta insan “Benim roman biraz değişik oldu abi, kusura bakmayın” diyor. Ama artık 45 dile çevrilip Nobel alırsanız da artık roman sanatını değiştirmiş oluyor. 32 yıl sonra da bunun görülmesi hoşuma gidiyor. Ben deneysel olmadan, değişik bir şeyler yapmadan duramam. Yapacağım. Bunun Nobel’le ilişkisini soruyorsanız, bana Nobel olsa olsa... Bunun sonucunu 10 yıl sonra, 7 yıl sonra, 8 yıl sonra görürüz... Nobel eğer bana bir güven vermişse, bu güveni edebi olarak daha cesur olmakla, deneysel olmakla, değişik yerlere gitmekle değerlendireceğimden emin olabilirsiniz. Daha az düşüneceğim belki, eğer böyle yaparsam popüler, yaygın okuru kaybederim gibi bir düşüncem varsa ki olabilir bir yazarda da, onu daha az düşüneceğim. Daha çok şu olabilir. Şimdi Nobel’i de aldım, bu kadar da itibarım var. Kimsenin cesaret edemeyeceği ama çok da doğru olan şu düşünceyi, yani edebi düşünceyi, formla, biçimle, üslupla ilgili şeyi biraz deneyim bakalım deme ihtimalim daha yüksek. Ama tekrar söylüyorum, Nobel yüzünden ve Nobel’den sonra edebi olarak ne yapacağımı bilmiyorum, çünkü ben edebiyatta yaptığım tırnak içinde yenilikleri yıllarca düşünerek yaptım. Bir düşünce geliyor, ona bir tane daha ekliyorsunuz, o bir paket oluyor, o paketi daha büyük bir kutuya koyuyorsunuz, büyüyor büyüyor, sonra onu daha değişik bir kutuya koyuyorsunuz, o değişik oluyor. Ama bir günde yeni diye değişik bir şey düşünmeye imkan yok. Ama içgüdüsel olarak daha deneysel ve daha kimsenin yapmadığı şeyleri deneyebilirim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Sizin de dediğiniz gibi, Akademi size ödülü bir yandan İstanbul’u, kendi toplumunuzu, bu sentezi anlatabildiğiniz için verdiğini söyledi. Ama bir yandan da “romanı değiştirmek” dedi, yani yenilikçi bir katkınız var roman sanatına. Dünyada yazılan çağdaş romanı izlerseniz, çağdaş romanı, onlar içinde Orhan Pamuk, sadece “Eh, egzotik, Türkiye, İstanbul, Osmanlı tarihi yazdığı için” değil, ama bir de değişik yazdığı için, bu katmanları farklı biçimde biraraya getirdiği için de tanınan ve ödüle layık bulunan bir yazar. Bu çerçevede baktığınızda, kendinizle aynı düzeyde demeyeceğim ama, etkilendiğiniz, size değişik fikirler veren ya da kendi düzeyinde başarılı gördüğünüz romancılar var mı?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Şimdi iki şey söyleyeyim. Birincisi beni etkileyen yazarlar. Bunları artık size ezbere dört tane yazar sayarım. Bunlar benim için artık romanın klasiğidir, bunları dönüp dönüp okurum. Tolstoy, Dostoyevski, Thomas Mann, Marcel Proust bence romanın babaları, devleri bunlardır. Roman denen büyük sanatı, insanoğlunun ürettiği bu büyük edebi oyuncağı öğrenmek, tadını çıkarmak istiyorsanız, bunları okuyun derim bir. Derken, Faulkner, Nabokov gibi yazarlar vardır. Bunlar bence demin saydığım dört tanesi kadar büyük demeyelim de, onlar da önemlidir. Ama kenardadırlar. Bir de beni etkilemiş, başka türlü, esasen romancı olmayan iki yazar vardır, Borges ve Calvino. Bunlar da bana postmodernizmi mi diyelim ya da edebiyatın metafiziğine başka türlü bakmak mı diyelim, bunları öğretmişlerdir. Ama bunlar hepsi arkada kalmış, hepsi ölmüş büyük yazarlar. Bunlar beni yaptılar, bunlarla öğrendim düşe kalka. Aslında Türkiye’de kendi paramla bunların kitaplarını alıp okuya okuya öğrendim. Zaten yazarlık öğretilmez.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Siz daha önce Borges’ten de, Calvino’dan da bir tür katalizör gibi söz ettiniz. Yani İslam’a bakmanızda, hatta Attar’a bakmanızda bile Borges’in etkisi var…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, anlatayım. Biz de Batılılaşma ile Atatürk’ün de etkisiyle, “geçmiş kültürün, geleneksel edebiyatın günümüz modern Türk kültürüne etkisi az olmalıdır” diye bir inanç vardı. Ben de bu kanıdaydım 32 yaşında Amerika’ya gelene kadar. Amerika’ya gelip, bundan 20 sene evvel, karımla, burada Kara Kitap’ı ve daha sonra Kara Kitap olacak kitabı yazmaya başlamıştım ve birazcık hafif, bir küçük kimlik buhranı yaşadım ben burada. Yani “Vay burada büyük bir zenginlik, kütüphaneler, bir büyük zengin kültür hayatı var, eee, benim Türk olarak yerim nedir” diye. O sırada ben Borges ve Calvino okuyordum. O zaman ben bütün geleneksel kültürü, en iyi şekilde de bana kalırsa Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı’nın Mevlana çevirisi ve şerhinde, onun notları bir hazine değerindedir. O kitabı okuyarak kendi kültürümü, hem tırnak içersinde söylüyorum, yeniden keşfettim, hem de bu geleneği daha laik, daha hikaye edebi gelenek olarak Borges’in ve Calvino’nun etkisiyle, neredeyse o geleneği postmodern bir açıyla, deneysel bir açıyla, kendi kullanıldığı bağlamda değil, ruhunu koruyarak ama bambaşka bağlamda kullanmayı öğrendim. Bunların da hepsi Kara Kitap adlı kitabı yazmama yol açtı. İşte Nobel Akademisi’nden Engdal, o kitabın da benim başeserim olduğunu söylemiş. Aşağı yukarı katılıyorum. Bütün bunlardan geçtikten sonra yapabildim. Ama siz bana şeyi sordunuz, demin saydığım yazarlar, sekiz tane saydık, bunlar benim oluşmamı, beni etkileyen, derinden etkileyen yazarlar. Onları okuyarak kendi kültürüme baktım. Onlar üzerinden, onlar sayesinde kendi sesimi buldum. Ama bir de, şunu da soruyorsunuz, yazarlar var yaşayan, benle yaşıt ve onları okuyorum. Bazen azıcık da mesleki tecessüs ile kimi zaman kıskançlıkla, “Ne yapıyor bu adamlar” diye. Geçenlerde bir Brezilya gazetesiyle röportaj yaptım, Nobel ödülünden sonra. “Eee,” dediler, “siz olsaydınız kime verirdiniz Nobel’i?” Güzel, provokatif soruydu. Ben de saydım, listeyi size söyleyeyim. Mesela İspanyol yazar Javier Marias vardır, Türkçe’ye iki kitabı çevrildi, ama kimse farketmedi. Çok büyük bir yazardır. Benden bir yaş büyüktür ve takip ederim bütün kitaplarını. Amerika’da da ne yazık ki başarılı olamadı. Avusturyalı yazar Peter Handke vardır. Ne yazık ki, Miloseviç’i desteklemek gibi yanlış şeyler falan yaptı…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Türkiye’de Marias’a kıyasla biraz daha iyi tanınan bir yazar Handke…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Türkiye’de tanınır, burada da tanınıyordu. Ama yaşarken ne yazık ki unutuluyor. Çok büyük bir yazardır. O da bence hak eder. Philip Roth, Amerikalı yazar. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Onun adı geçiyor zaten Nobel için…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Gene Amerikalı yazar Paul Auster. Bu hafta Amerika’da kitabı çıkan Thomas Pynchon, Borges’ten postmodernizme, ta Umberto Eco’ya kadar bütün bir geleneği etkileyen… O da zaten yalnız yazar olarak okuma zevki vermez bize. Roman ağacı denilen etki ağacında da önemli bir daldır… John Updike, hem iyi bir yazardır. Hem de çok müthiş, üç bin sayfa eleştiri yazmıştır. Benim hakkımda da iyi şeyler yazmış olmasından da etkilenmiş olabilirim. Bu yazarlar da çoktan Nobel’i hak etmişlerdir. Umberto Eco’nun da Nobel’i hak ettiğini düşünüyorum, ama o çok popüler olduğu için… ya da bilemiyorum. Çok değerli, her bir kitabını takip ettiğim yazarlardır bunlar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bir de çeviri meselesiyle ilgili bir şey sormak istiyorum. Yıllar önce bir söyleşimizde, galiba 1998’de, bana demiştiniz ki, o zaman bu kadar çok çevrilmemiştiniz. Çevrilmeye başlamıştınız. Kara Kitap çevrilmişti, ama birtakım çeviri sıkıntıları da yaşıyordunuz galiba…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Kara Kitap yeniden çevrildi sonradan…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Evet, Maureen Freely tarafından yeniden çevrildi…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Ama o dönemde bana demiştiniz ki, “Yazabilsem İngilizce de yazarım. Yani daha doğrudan ulaşabilmek açısından daha geniş kitlelere. Ama dilim Türkçe, Türkçe’de rahatım, başka bir dilde yazmayacağım.” Şimdi galiba bu çeviri sıkıntısını aştınız değil mi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: İngilizce 7-8 tane makale yazdım. Ama insan en sonunda babaannesinden, anneannesinden duyduğu dille en iyi yazabiliyor. Şimdi ne kadar Türkçeyi iyi öğrense bile, bir yabancı Yahya Kemal gibi bir şiir söyleyebilir mi? Ya da Yahya Kemal’den bizim aldığımız tadı almasına imkan var mı? En sonunda en iyi yapabileceğim şeyi yapmalıyım. O da en iyi ben Türkçe yazabilirim. Elim mahkum yani. Ayrıca artık alışmışım, başka bir şey istemiyorum, onu seviyorum, ona kızıyorum da Türkçe’ye. “Bu niye böyle olmuyor?” Bazısı da “Cümleyi bozdu, uzattı” falan diyor… Türkçe’yle sevişerek kavga ederek kendimi yapmışım, bunu değiştirmeme imkan yok. Arada bir ama makale, yedi tane yazdım belki bir iki tane daha yazabilirim. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki çevrilince bir şey yitirdiğini düşünüyor musunuz kitaplarınızın?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Tabii, ama çeviriylen bir şey yitirir, ama bir şey de kazanır. Ama şunu da unutmayalım. Bana kalırsa şiir çevrilemeyen bir sanattır. Bunu şiir çeviren pekçok insan ve arkadaş var, kızmasınlar. Çeviriyorlar, oluyor da birşey. Roman ise gene en sonunda çevrilebilen bir şeydir. Çevrilemeyen ise o şiirdir. Benim de romanlarımın, Kara Kitap’ın, Benim Adım Kırmızı’nın bazı yerleri, Yeni Hayat’ın bazı yerleri şiirseldir ve çevirmek zor olabilir. Fakat sonunda o kitabın değerinin yüzde yüzü değil. Değerinin küçük bir kısmı şiirdir. Roman çevrilir, ama çevrilirken bir şeyler kaybeder. Hem bazı kültürel alışkanlıklar çevrilemediği için, anlayamayacakları için. Simit deyince, onu “susamlı bilmemne” dersen kimse anlamaz. O simit ise, anlamı var. Bunun gibi her kültürü kendine özgü yapan şeyler vardır. Onların bir kısmı çevrilemez. Bazı alışkanlıklar vardır, ne bileyim her ülkenin dilencisi vardır da, dilenciye para verirken, herkes “Al bakiim evladım” diye birşey söyler Türkler, onu yalnız Türkler öyle söyler. Onu sizin “evladım”ı oraya çevrilirse olmaz. Çeviri anlayışları vardır. Kültürü mü çevireceğiz, kelimeyi mi çevireceğiz, cümleyi mi çevireceğiz, cümlenin sözlükteki anlamını mı çevireceğiz, kültürdeki anlamını mı çevireceğiz, okurun beklentisine göre mi çevireceğiz, bin türlü çeviri felsefesi vardır. Bunlar, bu felsefelerin çeşitliliği ve değişikliği bile bize çeviride bir şeylerin kaybedildiğini ve bu kaybedilen şeylerin, çevrilen dilde tekrar kazanılması gerektiğini söyler. Sonunda çeviri yalnızca bir kelimenin çevrilmesi değildir. Bir romanın çevrilmesi, kültürdeki jestlerin çevrilmesidir. Mesela çok bariz bir örnek vereyim size. Kar adlı romanımın son cümlesinde, kahraman Ka’nın, olayların ağırlığı yüzünden gözleri nemlenir. Ama hüngür hüngür ağlamaz. Şimdi bunu İngilizceye çevirirseniz kelimesel olarak, İngilizlere göre, onlar duygularını göstermezler ve adam birden gözden düşecek bir şey yapmış oluyor. Bilmem anlatabiliyor muyum? Başka bir kültürde ağlamak toplumsal olarak kabul edilebilir bir şeydir. Ruslara bakarız, Brejnev’le bilmem kim dudaktan şaap diye kameraların önünde öpüşürler. Şimdi biz bir Rus romanını Türkçe’ye çevirirken, İvan’la Boris dudaktan öpüştüler deyince, millet “Aaa, bunlar nedir” diye düşünmeye başlar. Çevirmen orada onun, kültür içersinde normal bir şey olduğunu da hissettirmek zorundadır. Yani yalnızca anlam çevrilmez, kültür de çevrilir ve bu işi zorlaştırır. Bizim Türk kültürünün de zordur onun anlamını başka dillere başka diyarlara taşımak, orada çevirmenin hüneri gelir. Çevirmen yalnızca cümlenin anlamını çevirmeyecek. Yani “Ahmet elma yiyor” ya da “Boris dudaktan öpüştü” diye çevirmeyecek, orada o jestin anlamını da çevirecek. Böylelikle bayağı zor bir şey olur çeviri.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Aslında uzun konuştuk çeviri meselesini, ama bir de sesler var, müzik var çevrilmesi zor olan…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: İç müzik de vardır…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Kar deyince şeyi düşünüyordum, malum Ka karakteri, Kars şehri ve Kar… Bu üçünün ortak sesleri bile başlıbaşına bir şey aslında…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Bunlar başka dile geçmez. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bir yıl kadar önce bir araştırma yapmıştım; onu daha sonra Milliyet’te yazdım da. Sizi şu anda Amerika üniversitelerinde okutan yığınla hoca var, ki bu Nobel öncesinde olan bir şey, gerçekten yüzlerce dersin zorunlu okumaları arasında kitaplarınız…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, onlar hep beni üniversitelerde konuşma yapmaya çağırıyorlar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Belki bu ilgi, biraz Türkçe’ye de aslında bir ilginin başlamasını hızlandırabilir mi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, inşallah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bir dili önemli kılan sonuçta yazarları oluyor. Çevrilmenin ötesinde sizin umarız böyle bir katkınız da olabilecek.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, inşallah. Bu ödül yüzünden pekçok üniversiteden davetler alıyorum. İşte bazıları da şöyle diyorlar, “Burada Türkçe bölümünü kuvvetlendirmek istiyoruz. Ya da ‘Turkish Studies’ kısmına para bulamıyoruz. Sen gelirsen para çıkacak. Ya da sen gelirsen, çok de öğremvi gelirse, buraya da işte bir Türkçe ya da Türk edebiyatı profesörü de alınacak.” Böyle etkiler oluyor. Benim Nobel ödülü almam dünyada Türk edebiyatının sevilmesine, okunmasına, Türkiye’nin ön plana çıkmasına, özellikle İstanbul kitabım, İstanbul’a büyük bir ilgi olmasına yol açacak, bundan hiç şüphem yok.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Demin sevdiğiniz yazarlardan bahsederken Paul Auster’ı andınız, John Updike’ı andınız. Onlar sizin hakkınızda hep olumlu şeyler yazıp söylemiş insanlar. Paul Auster’ın Paris Review’da birkaç yıl önceki bir söyleşisini hatırlıyorum. En sevdiği beş altı yazarı sayarken, sizi de sayıyor…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: O benim arkadaşım tabii, belki torpil yapmış olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Ama okuyor da yani, çünkü orada bir kontekst içinde söylüyor bunu. The Paris Review biliyorsunuz çok ağırlıklı edebiyat söyleşileri yapan bir dergi; sizinle de konuşmuştu. Biraz bu ödülden sonra, bu yazarlar dünyasının tepkilerini konuşalım. Çevrenizden, mesela Margaret Atwood, çok önemli bir Kanadalı yazar, bir yazı yazdı, Nobel’e sevindiğini yazan bir yazı yazdı… Bu tip tepkiler, tebrikler oldu mu?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Tabii, Paul Auster’dan başlayalım. Arkadaşım. Onlar karı-koca Paris’telermiş, Herald Tribune’dan okumuşlar…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Karısı da ayrıca romancı…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet. Karısı da romancıdır. Onlar çok mutlu şeyler yazdılar bana, çok sevindiler. Pekçok arkadaşım gibi Paul Auster da bana, hem de çok eskiden “Sen bir gün Nobel alacaksın” diye parmağını sallayarak söylerdi. O da benden yaşlı, abimiz gibi biraz. Ben de “Yok abi,” falan yapardım. İşte o öyle… Ne bileyim ben Amerikan Sanat Akedemisi üyesiyim. Bu ödülden sonra da burada olduğumu öğrendiler, onların bir toplantısına katıldım. Orada John Updike gelemedi de, haber yolladı, çok tatlı sözler söyledi. Ne bileyim tesadüfen Columbia Üniversitesi, ben burada, profesörlüğe mi diyeceğim artık, hocalığa başladığım için—hocalık daha dilime uygun geliyor—bir yemek veriyordu. Ve o da perşembe akşamıydı. Yemeğin olduğu günün sabahı ödül açıklandı. Yemeğin akşamına otomatik bir ziyafetim oldu. Oraya Salman Rushdie’yi de çağırmışlardı, o da çok tatlı şeyler söyledi. Margaret Atwood ödül açıklanır açıklanmaz, Guardian’a çok güzel bir yazı yazdı. Sonra da bana bir e-mail yolladı. Ben de tesadüfen onun yazısını hemen okuyamadım. Ödül aldıktan sonra o kadar çok e-mail geldi, o kadar çok yazı çıktı ki, onları anca 10 gün, 15 günde hepsini okuyabildim. Ama o sırada ben de Columbia Üniversitesi’nde tesadüfen onu okumuştum. E-mail ile birbirimizi gene kutladık. Harold Pinter de benden bir yıl evvel Nobel alan, arkadaşım ya da arkadaşım diyemeyeceğim ama benim ona saygım vardır, o da beni sever, o da Guardian’a yine güzel şeyler söyledi. Coetzee, bundan üç sene önce Nobel almış olan Güney Afrikalı yazar, o da İsveç televizyonuna güzel sözler söylemiş. Başka pekçok yazardan da “İşte biz biliyorduk, senin alacağını” falan gibi güzel şeyler… Bunlar tabii hoşuma gidiyor. Ama söyleyemiyorum daha fazla.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Dünyanın önemli yazarlarından size destek…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Destek değil, destek olacak bir şey yok ki, Nobel aldıktan sonra kimsenin kimseye destek olmasına gerek yok. Aslında bir sevinç, paylaşma...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Paylaşma… Peki biraz okur tepkisinden de bahsetmek istiyorum. Geçenlerde Hürriyet’e anlatmıştınız, örneğin bir okurunuz New York’ta salaş bir lokantada sizi tanıyıp sonra da işte “New York’u bu yüzden seviyorum” diye nutuk atmış lokantadakilere… Sanıyorum, burada farkediyorsunuzdur, kitaplarınızın satışında, kitaplarınıza olan ilgide ciddi bir artış var bu ödül nedeniyle. İşte o Nobel ödüllü yazar etiketi kitaplara yapıştırıldığı andan itibaren ister istemez yeni bir ilgi de oluyor değil mi?   &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Yalnız burada değil, bütün dünyada var. Ama özellikle bu Nobel ödülü benim kitaplarımın okunmasına satmasına etkisi, zaten eğer bir ülkede kitaplarım çok satıyorsa, mesela İtalya’da… İtalya’da, bu baharda bir hafta Papa’nın kitabı birinci, benimki ikinciydi. O kadar ilgi olduğu zaman, bir de Nobel alırsanız, artık o zaman aşırı aşırı bir ilgi olabileceğini gördüm. Amerika’da da Kar, Benim Adım Kırmızı, İstanbul çok satıyordu. Nobel’den sonra ben de kitapçılara gidince orada raflarda ve kasanın orada… Allahtan kasadakiler beni tanımıyor ben de rahat rahat alışveriş yapıyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Kitapçılarda hala tanımıyorlar mı sizi? &lt;br /&gt;      &lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Bazısı tanıyor, bazısı tanımıyor. Alışverişimi yapıyorum. Evet, çok bir okur ilgisi var, sokakta durdurup beni tanıyanlar. Anlattığım gibi lokantada yanımda otururken, “Ah, işte New York’u bunun için seviyorum” diyenler. İşte ne bileyim metroda giderken tanıyanlar. Columbia Üniversitesi’nde bu da ilginç, yani herkes tanıyor bir şeyler de, özellikle Müslüman ülkeden gelenler, Üçüncü Dünya’dan gelenler, Çin’den Hindistan’dan gelenler, Batı dışındaki, yoksul demeyeceğim ama gelişmekte olan ülkelerden gelenler daha ilgili. Çin’de, Hindistan’da kitaplarımın okunmasında, bana olan ilgi de diyemeyeceğim de, bir patlama var. Oralarda konu biraz da bizimkine benzer bir konu. Bir Çinlileri Batılılar küçümser, onlar kendilerini benimle özdeşleştiriyorlar. “Adam Türkiye’de oturmuş, tek başına kapanmış, yazmış, işte bak Nobel’i de aldı” şeyi bir Batılı için çok bilinmeyen bir hikaye değil ama, bir Türk için, İranlı için, bir Hintli, bir Çinli bunlar önemli şeyler. Çünkü siyasi boyut da biraz giriyor işin içine, “Bak devlet uğraşmış ama, adam en sonunda Nobel aldı, bilmem ne aldı, tek başına oturdu evinde kitap yazdı, onu Batılılar kabul etmek zorunda kaldılar.” Bütün bunlar biz Türklerin de anlayacağı konular. Bizim de kalbimize seslenen şeyler. Bunu Columbia’da öğrencilerin, özellikle tekrar Çinli, Hintli, Pakistanlı, İranlı, Arap… Arap basınında da çok yazı çıkıyor. Arap basınında biraz “Bizde niye Orhan Pamuk gibi entelektüeller yok” gibi yazılar da çıkıyor. Artık birazcık burada mütevazı olmam lazım, ama bu etkinin de farkındayım. Bunlar çok hoşuma gidiyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Orada bir anektod ben size anlatmak istiyorum. Washington’da Amerikan Dışişleri Bakanı Condoleezze Rice, her yıl iftar yemeği veriyor gazetecilere ve diğer Müslümanlara… Bu yılki de Nobel’in açıklanmasından kısa bir süre sonraydı ve masada tesadüfen bir yanımda İranlı, bir yanımda Filistinli oturuyordu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Sizi tebrik mi ettiler?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Beni tebrik ettiler ve ben tabii sizin adınıza tebrikleri kabul etmiş oldum. Ama şöyle bir sahip çıkma vardı; “Mahfuz’dan sonra şimdi de Pamuk” diye size Ortadoğulu bir yazar olarak, kendisinden bir yazar olarak bakış vardı.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Bu da doğru. Şimdi bu tebrik etme hikayesi belki saatlerce anlatılabilir, ama böyle bir temsiliyet sorunu var. Ama bu temsiliyet yalnızca Türkiye’de de kalmıyor, bütün Ortadoğu, Müslüman ya da Batı dışı, Üçüncü Dünya, fakir ülkeler böyle bir sahiplenme de var.. Bunların hepsi çok hoşuma gidiyor. Pekçok insandan işte ne bileyim bilmem neredeki işyerinde ne kadar çalışan varsa, oradaki çalışan Türkü tebrik etmiş ya da bir sanat tarihi kongresinde bir Türk de bildiri veriyormuş, herkes ona gelmiş ödül açıklandı diye… Bu tebrik faslı, bana şunu öğretti. Bu Nobel ödülünün böyle bir temsiliyet gibi bir yanı var. Hoşuma da gidiyor. Ama daha da hani bir Türk olduğu için diğer Türkleri var, bunun hikayelerini çok dinledim. Ne bileyim ben İsveç’te okulda öğrenci tahtaya gelmiş, Türk bir tane öğrenci varmış, alkışlatılmış, çünkü Türk olduğu için. Ama bir de şöyle bir şey var. O daha ilginç. Sizin de söylediğiniz gibi işte Arap, İran, Afrikalı olabilir, Hindistan’da, Çin’deki dertleri biraz bizimkine benzeyen, biraz Batı tarafından dışlandıklarını, ihmal edildiklerini düşünen, birazcık da kendi ülkelerinde demokrasi, sanat sevgisi dertleri olan insanlarda da bir heyecan yarattı bu ödül.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: İşin ilginci, bu çevreler, bu ülkeler, özellikle Ortadoğu tabii, Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği macerasını da benzer bir ilgiyle izliyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Evet, aynen öyle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bu Batı’ya kendimize anlatmanın, Batılılaşabilmenin belki de ölçütlerinden biri gibi görülüyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Bunun da bütün dünya da, Avrupa Birliği de farkında. Onun için Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği ile ilişkisi, yalnızca Türkiye-Avrupa ilişkisi olmaktan çıktı, bir de dünya problemi haline geldi. Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği’nden koparsa, dünyadakiler “Aaa, demek ki Müslüman bir ülkenin Batı’nın bir parçası olması imkansızmış” diyecek. Bu herkesi üzecek. Dünyadaki barış için kötü bir haber. Olursa da işte Arap sizin gördüğünüz Arap entelektüeli, önde gelen İranlı da “Bu da olabiliyormuş” diyecek. Böyle bir sorun bu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Siz tabii hep başından beri bu Avrupa Birliği işine sahip çıktınız. Bu konuda, aslında güçlü seslerden biri oldunuz Türkiye’den yükselen. Şimdi Nobel’den sonra böyle yeni bir misyonunuz olacak mı yoksa, siz çok da öyle diplomat olmak istemediğinizi söylüyorsunuz, uzak mı duracaksınız?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Siyasetten biraz uzak durmak istiyorum geçici olarak. O ayrı bir konu, onu da söylerim şimdi de. Ama Avrupa Birliği maceramız, Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne girme macerası üzücü bir yere geldi. Avrupa’da “Türkiye’yi almayalım” ya da “alsak mı” havasını söyleyenler, bu tatsız müziği çıkaranlar çoğaldı. Türkiye’de de bunlar biraz etkili oldu. Birazcık benim Avrupa Birliği’ne bakışım, yani Türkiye’ye bakıp, “Arkadaşlar, Türkiye Avrupa Birliği’ne girerse iyi olur,” Avrupa’ya da dönüp, “Türkiye Avrupa Birliği’ne girerse sizler için de iyi olur” idi. Ama iki taraf birbirine sırtını dönüp “Ben tanışmak istemiyorum” dedi mi, ben de zorlayacak değilim. Ben zaten Türkiye’nin Avrupa Birliği’ne girmesini istiyorum, ama Avrupa Birliği cennet olduğu için değil. Avrupa Birliği’ne girmek, Türkiye ekonomisini düzeltir, insan haklarına, demokrasiye daha kıymet verir ve birazcık daha kanun, nizam ülkesi olur diye. Ama kendi içinde Avrupa Birliği bir amaç değil, mesele Türkiye’de daha çok demokrasi olsun, insan haklarna daha saygılı bir ülke olsun ve ekonomimizin de daha  yerleşmiş kuralları olsun, hukuk daha iyi çalışsın. Böyle şeyler istediği için Türkiye’de Avrupa Birliği’ni bu kadar insan istiyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki şimdi, bu dünya tepkilerini konuştuk, size sahip çıkanları konuştuk. Biraz Türkiye’deki tepkileri konuşalım. Başka bir şey anlatayım size. Demin bu çok satanlar listesine girmenizden bahsediyorduk. Geçen New York’a gelişimde, birkaç hafta önce, Strand kitapçısı var biliyorsunuz, dünyanın en büyük kitapçılarından biri, New York’un ünlü bir kitapçısı... Orada çok satanlar listesi koyar hep Strand. İki liste, 10’ar kitap. İlk 10’da hem edebiyat alanında, hem inceleme/araştırma alanında vardınız. İnceleme/araştırma alanında İstanbul, edebiyatta Benim Adım Kırmızı ile en çok satanlar listesindeydiniz. Burada bunu görüyoruz. Aynı gün tesadüfen o kitapçıdan çıktım, çok tutkulu bir okurunuz olan babamla telefonlaştık, o da Ankara’da bir kitapçıdan çıkmış. Ben dedim “Orhan Pamuk iki listede birden var.” O da dedi ki, “İşte şu kitapçısında Ankara’nın -önemli bir kitapçı- hiçbir kitabını göremedim…”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Ama o biraz yanıltıcı…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Böyle bir şey var mı? Son dönemde sizi bir gizleme, kitaplarınızı tezgah altına koyma çabası var mı Türkiye’de? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Öyle bir gizleme durumu olduğunu sanmıyorum. Ben İletişim Yayınları’nda arkadaşlardan duyduğum kadarıyla bu ödülden sonra kitaplarımın hepsi beşer altışar kere yeni basım yaptı. Pekçok yeni kitap sattı, satılmaya da devam ediyor. Böyle bir şey yok. Bir gizleme çabası olduğunu da söylemem yanlış olur. Ama bir politik durumun içine düşmüş olduğum doğru. Ama onun içinden de çıktığımı zannediyorum. Bir de şöyle bir şey var. Onu da hep soruyorlar. İşte şu karşı çıktı, bu karşı çıktı. Eh, o adamlar bana 20 yıldır karşı çıkarlar. Ben kitabım çok sattı, Orhan Pamuk bana saçma, doğru olmayan, ayıp, yok “Yahudi,” yok efendim şu, yok bu, yok “Çok reklam yaptı yoksa kötü bir yazar.” Bu insanlar bu eleştirel laflarını 20 yıldır söylüyorlar. Nobel ya da yarın gene bir başka şeyde yine söylemeye devam edecekler. Ben de onlara her seferinde cevap yetiştirmek istemiyorum. Kampanya yapıyorlar, gazetelere yalan haber yazıyorlar zaman zaman. Bunlara cevap vermek istemiyorum. Bunlara biraz daha yukarıdan bakmak, onların da Türkiye’nin bir parçası olduğunu söyleyerek geçmek istiyorum. Ayrıca Amerika’dan da takip de edemiyorum açıkçası.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;*****&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Tekrar merhaba. Columbia Üniversitesi’nde Orhan Pamuk’la söyleşimize bu kez Türkiye’deki tepkileri konuşarak devam ediyoruz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Şimdi demin dediniz ki, “Türkiye’de 20 yıldır beni eleştirenler, çeşitli tepkiler gösterenler var. Ben onlara cevap vermeyeceğim.” Gayet iyi hatırlıyorum, Granta dergisinde, Maureen Freely, sizi İngilizce’ye çeviren bir dostunuz, sizi çok iyi tanıyan bir kişi, onunla söyleşinizde demiştiniz ki, “Hiçbir yazar kendi halkının sevgisini, saygısını, ilgisini kaybetmek istemez. Hele o halk kendi imajıyla ilgili sorunları olan bir halksa.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Aynen öyle düşünüyorum. Hala öyle düşünmeye devam ediyorum. Ben Türkiye’de de CNN’de yaptığım, Tayfun Bey’le yaptığım konuşmada da anlattım. Her yazar kendi ülkesinde, hele dilini kullandığı ülkede sevilmek ister. Ben ülkemde sevilmek isterim tabii ki. Türkiye’yi, Türk devletini eleştirebilirim. Ama kalbim Türkiye’de yaşayan herkesle birliktedir. Kitaplarım Türkçe, bütün Türk kültürü üzerine kurulmuştur. Elbette bunu söylemeye bile gerek yok. Her yazar sevilmek ister. Şimdi diyebilirsiniz ki, “Eee, biraz dertler falan var senin için Orhan.” Var, ama bunun sorumlusu ben değilim. Ben şu veya bu sebepten Türkiye’deki demokrasi azlığına, Türkiye’deki şu veya bu konuya dikkat çekmek için konuşuyorum. Bunlar abartılıyor. Benimle Türk okurları arasına girilmeye çalışılıyor. 32 yıldır yazarlık yapıyorum. En sonunda yazar olmak demek önce yazdığınız dilde, yaşadığınız ülkede sevilmek demek. Sevilmezseniz siz yoksunuz yani. Ama öte yandan, yazar olmak demek de beni sevsinler diye herkes ne bileyim ben gül seviyorsa, sabahtan akşama kadar da onu övmek demek değil… Yazar olarak hem kendi kimliğinizi, kişiliğiniz koruyacaksınız, hem de sevileceksiniz ki, o da, kendi kimliğinizle ifade ettiğiniz düşünceler de kabul edilsin. Ama işin en sonunda yaşadığınız kültüre, ülkeye bağlılık, o ülkenin değerleriyle birlikte yaşamak vardır. 32 yıldır Türkiye’de yazıyorum, 32 yıldır önce Türk okuru tarafından sevilmek istiyorum. Bunu da büyük ölçüde başardığımı düşünüyorum. Evet, şimdi biraz kızıyorlar ve bazıları da kıskançlık yapıyor. Tekrar söyleyeyim, 20 yıldır da benle bu ülkede uğraşan insanlar var. “Bunların sözlerine inanmayınız” demek isterdim. “Benim hakkımda söylenen kampanya, şunu dedi, bunu dedi, bunlara kulak asmayın. Bunlar doğru değil.” Ben bütün bu kültürün içinde, bu tarihin içinde 20 yıldır balık gibi yaşıyorum. Her yazar kendi yaşadığı ülkede sevilmek ister ve o bağlamda yazıyorum, o bağlamda çalışıyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki çok samimi olarak sormak istiyorum size. Siz şu yada bu nedenle, söylediklerinizle veya bu söylediğiniz kampanya, sizi eleştirenlerin yazdıkları çizdikleri sonucunda Türkiye’de okur, ama öyle bir şey varsa eğer, tırnak içinde “sıradan okur” nezdinde ilginizi, sevginizi kaybettiğiniz, o okurla iletişiminizde bir kopukluk olduğu, Türk insanını kırdığınız gibi bir kaygı taşıyor musunuz? &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Hayır, taşımıyorum. Bu kaygıyı taşıyacak birşeyi de yapmam, onu da yapmak yanlış olur. Türkiye’de yaşayan herkes benim bazen sert de olsa devlete yönelik eleştirel yorumlarım olduğunu biliyor. Ama bir yazar en sonunda yaşadığı milletle seslenir. Milletin kalbini kırmak istemezsiniz. Böyle bir şey sözkonusu da değil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Şaşırdınız mı? Dediğiniz gibi, aslında uzun süredir size yönelik tepkiler var. Yazınızı eleştirebilirler, romanlarınızı eleştirebilirler, siyasi konumunuzu eleştirebilirler. Ama hakikaten Nobel’den sonra, ki Radikal’de Yıldırım Türker bunu “Türk’ün Nobelle imtihanı” diye güzel bir yazı başlığı yapmıştı… Nobel’den sonra sanki Türkiye’de bir ayrışma oldu. Bir size sahip çıkanlar var, bir de işte diğerleri… Sanki bir tür şizofrenik bir tepki var. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Yok, bu kelimeyi de kullanmak istemem. Bakın şöyle bir şey var. Bir kampanyalar oluyor, bir böyle son derece duygusal tepkiler oluyor. Bir de demin size söyledim, ben 20 yıldır ağzımla kuş tutsam, “O kuş değildir böcektir” diyen insanlar var. Onlar hiç bitmeyecek. Ben 100 yıl yaşayayım inşallah, onlar da 100 yıl yaşasın. Onlar da aynı makamla, aynı nakaratla şarkılarına devam edecekler. Onlar için Nobel yine bir vesile. Ama onların, üç beş kişinin lafını bütün bir Türkiye’deki tepki olarak göstermek yanlış. Türkiye’de kitaplarım Nobel ödülünden sonra her ülkede olduğu gibi aşırı derecede satıyor. Böyle üzerinde fazla da duracağım bir durum da  yok.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki daha önce bunu açıkladınız. Ama yine de sormak istiyorum. İzleyicilerimiz arasında bunu bilmeyenler olabilir. Sizi tebrik edenler arasında hükümet de vardı. Siz hükümetten de sanıyorum gayet nazik ve sıcak bir tepki aldınız değil mi? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Önce Abdullah Gül’le konuştuk. Onunla güzel konuştuk. Ona hepimizin aynı gemide olduğunu, Türkiye gemisinde olduğunu, hepimizin bu geminin selametle… Ben gemide yolcuyum, aslında onlar yönetiyor gemiyi anlamında söyledim. Sonra Başbakan Tayyip Erdoğan aradı ertesi gün. İlk gün ben koşuşuturuyordum, iletişim kuramadık. O da tatlı sözler söyledi, tebrik ederim dedi. Duyguluydu. Bunları da normal karşılıyorum. Ama illaki de herkesin de tebrik etmesi gerekmez. Ben bir sivil yazarım. Devletten onay almam gerekmez. Ben kendi bildiğim gibi takılırım. Benim için tek bir ilke vardır. Devletin bana iyi gözle bakması hoşuma gider, ama benim için tek bir ilke vardır. Elimi vicdanıma koyarım, dilediğim gibi inandığım gibi yalnızca kalbimden geçeni söylerim. Devlet onay verirse çok sevinirim. Devlet onay verirse… Devletin vazifesi benim fikrime katılmak da değildir. Ama bir demokratik modern bir devlette, devletin vazifesi gene de o ülkedeki yazara bir ortam hazırlamaktır. Devlet yazarlara ne yapacağını söylemez. Ya da devlet beğenmediği şeyi yazan yazarı hapse atmaz. Devlet özgür, modern bir toplumda dünyada yazara ortam hazırlar. Onlardan üç tanesi beş tanesi iyi şeyler yazar belki, bütün dünyada kabul edilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Biraz de Gaulle’ün Sartre’a yaptığı gibi “Pamuk Türkiye’dir” diyecek bir devlet adamı gerektiriyor bu…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Artık bilemiyorum. Çok da fazla bu konuyu uzatmak istemiyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Uzatmayacağız, ben aslında söyleşimizi bitirmek, toparlamak istiyorum. Yalnız 30 Kasım’da Türkiye’ye dönüyorsunuz galiba, sonra Stockholm’de konuşmaya gideceksiniz, 7 Aralık’ta konuşmanız. Ondan sonraki planınız ne? Türkiye’ye mi döneceksiniz? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Columbia’daki işim bitti. Ondan sonra Türkiye’deyim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: İstanbul’da bildik mekanlarınızda mı olacaksınız?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Ondan sonra tekrar bazı seyahatlerim var. Ama bir yere kapanacağım ve Masumiyet Müzesi’ni bitireceğim. Bazı Avrupa’da küçük bir dersim var. Bazı seyahatlerim var. İstanbul’da olacağım. Kapanıp kitabımı bitireceğim. Normal hayatıma geri döneceğim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Şimdi son söz olarak, gayet klasik bir soru. Ama eminim izleyen çok genç okurlarınız vardır. Ya da belki hiç sizi okumamış ama işte kitap okumaya, roman okumaya yeni başlayan ve belki de yazarlık düşleyen gençler vardır. Biraz onlarla konuşun. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Tamam, çok içten gelerek konuşurum o zaman. Bir genç yazara, demin size saydım benim sevdiğim değerli yazarlar, Tolstoy, Dostoyevski, Thomas Mann, Proust ya da Nabokov, Faulkner, Calvino, Borges, bunlar benim klasiklerim. Ama yazar olmak istiyorlarsa kendilerine inanmalarını tavsiye ederim. Her okur, her yazar kendi yazarını, kendisini etkileyecek yazarı, kendi klasiğini kendisi bulacaktır. Bu Tolstoylar, Dostoyevskiler en büyüklerdir bana göre. Bir genç yazar adayına, haddim değil söylemek, benim hep söyleyeceğim laf, bir genç yazar adayıysanız, kendini birşey zanneden büyük yazarlardan nasihat almayın önce. Amma illaki nasihat diyorsanız, “Kendinize inanın, bildiğiniz gibi yazın, ayakta kalın, yazmaya devam edin.”    Benim hikayemden belki şöyle bir şey çıkarılabilir: İnandığınızı yapın, ortam hazırlayın ve yazın. Başka hiçbir şey dinlemeyin, elinizi vicdanınıza koyun ve yazın. Ben başladığımda, ailem yakınlarım yazar olmamı istemiyorlardı. Bana, yani kötü niyetle değil, işte Türkiye’nin şartları ortada, çok zor durumda kalacağımı, ileride çok mutsuz olacağımı, para kazanamayacağımı, sürüneceğimi düşünüyorlardı. Öyle olmadı. “Yazarsanız, inanırsanız, işi ciddiye alırsanız, durmadan okursanız, sabahtan akşama kadar bunu düşünürseniz herşey oluyor. Şu benim hayatıma bakın…” diyebilirim, haddim olmayarak. Bunun mükün olabileceğini, işte “Efendim,” diyorlardı, “Bir gün bir Türk de Nobel alsa…” Bunun da olabileceğini, “Bir işe hayatınızın 32 yılını sabahtan akşama kadar verirseniz, iğneyle kuyu kazar gibi benim gibi yazarsanız, herşeyin olabileceğini benim örneğime bakarak belki düşünsünler,” derim haddim olmayarak.    &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Bir de kendiniz için bir dilekte bulunun. Belki siz kopya çekeceksiniz, ben onu bildiğimi söyleyerek sorayım bu soruyu. AB’den Olli Rehn size “Sana ne dileyebilirim” diye sorduğunda, demişsiniz ki “Rahat rahat bütün bu gürültüden uzak romanlarımı yazmaya devam etmemi dile”…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Romanlarımı yazacağımdan eminim. Kendim için istediğim, şimdiye kadar 30 yıldır roman yazdım, bir 30 yıl daha yaşayıp gene aynı mutlulukla roman yazmak. Ama bu mutluluk deyince sanmayın her gün güle oynaya roman yazıyorum, bir gün yazamam, suratım asılır, kızım hemen anlar “Bugün yazamamışsın baba” der. Bir gün iyi yazarım, herşeye gülerim. Böyle bir 30 yıl daha yazıp 6-7 tane roman yazmayı çok isterim. Kendim için dilediğim tek şey budur. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Peki Orhan Pamuk, size çok çok teşekkür ediyoruz zamanınız için. Tekrar tebrik diyoruz. “Babamın bavulu” konuşmasını dinlemek üzere.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pamuk: Çok sağolun. Evet, evet. Çok çok teşekkürler.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-3106753454464830932?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/3106753454464830932'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/3106753454464830932'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/12/orhan-pamuk.html' title='* ORHAN PAMUK İLE SÖYLEŞİ'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_oWWsra6iuHY/RXNLdmTBYxI/AAAAAAAAAAM/mfMtHFGKMIA/s72-c/20061122pamuk.jpg' height='72' width='72'/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6945862833622144401</id><published>2006-12-01T15:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-12-02T10:05:59.077-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* INTERVIEW WITH DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE BRYZA</title><content type='html'>Matthew Bryza, Deputy Assistant Secretary Of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, spoke with Yasemin Çongar on CNN Turk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;December 1, 2006   Washington, D.C.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Mr. Bryza, good afternoon. Thank you for being with us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: Good afternoon Yasemin. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: As you know, every now and then there is an article in the U.S. press that attracts a lot of attention in Turkey. This was the case, you might remember, with Rob Pollock’s article in the Wall Street Journal a couple of years ago in which Pollock called Turkey “The sick man of Europe.” Now there is this article in Newsweek which is talking about the likelihood of a coup d’etat in Turkey in the year 2007 and stating the chances of that as fifty-fifty. Let me ask you directly about that, because there is an uproar about it in Turkey and reactions from many people including the Prime Minister himself. Does the U.S. government believe that a coup d’etat or a military intervention of sorts is likely in Turkey in 2007?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: No. No, we definitely don’t believe any sort of military intervention is likely in Turkey now or anywhere into the foreseeable future. Having watched Turkey for a lot of years, I never see, I have never noticed a desire, a proclivity, a tendency of the Turkish military to want to intervene in the Turkish politics. I think that is absolutely true under the Chief of Defense, Chief of the General Staff General Büyükanıt. Turkey is, as we all know, an extremely rich mix of political currents and cultures and religions and it is a democracy. It is a secular democracy. Democracies are built upon… What a democracy means is that a mechanism exists through free speech and debate to resolve political differences. That is happening in Turkey. Turkish democracy is extremely healthy, there is nothing wrong with it. So we have every anticipation that Turkish democracy will succeed again, as it has, in resolving the current disputes, which are real.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: To my ears, at least, you are echoing what Ambassador Ross Wilson said a while ago. He stated that they did not see any reason to be worried about Turkey’s future as a strong, secular, democratic country. Do you share, though, Turkish military’s worries that radical Islam, or “irtica” as they call it, is penetrating the state institutions in Turkey?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: Well, it would be sort of, I don’t know, unfair to compare my level of knowledge with that of the Turkish military. Turkish military understands the situation on the ground infinitely better than I could, way over here in Washington, D.C. What I can say is, we recognize that and appreciate that precisely Turkey’s strong, secular, democratic institutions have found a way to allow for Islam to remain a cultural element in Turkish society, but to provide separateness so that the reach of Islam into private lives stays back, it doesn’t penetrate into public life. And that is thanks to the secular democratic institutions of Turkey, again which I said a moment ago, are strong, are healthy. Therefore we have faith that these institutions will resolve these differences. But of course, the differences are real. I mean we see the debate played out every day in the Turkish media and the Turkish press.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: The conventional belief in the Turkish media seems to be that the U.S. did indeed support the February 28 decisions of 1997, the so-called “postmodern coup d’etat” of the time. Is this true? And secondly, would the U.S. support an intervention of that kind in the foreseeable future?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: Well, I was not covering Turkey directly then. I was working on Baku-Tiblisi-Ceyhan, which I am so happy to note that, is functioning beautifully. I will talk about today. I am responsible for our relations today, partially responsible. The United States supports democratic resolutions of all such disputes in Turkey. Let me put it in a different way: Turkey matters to the United States in a deep, profound, strategic sense precisely because of its success as a secular democracy with a Muslim majority population. Turkey can inspire, through its example, can inspire democratic reformers throughout a broad region of the world. Drawing on its own historical experience, as I often talk about, as you know, dating back to the late Ottoman period, the 1840s, 50s and the Tanzimat period, Turkey has helped to advance modernizing reforms in places like Cairo and Damascus 150 years ago, before anybody else was really talking about that in the Middle East. That is what really matters to us in Turkey. So if Turkey were to go down the path that weakened democracy, Turkey would be weakening its strategic value for the United States.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: And that would also be weakening Turkey’s European hopes, don’t you think?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: That is a statement and, I think, it is a statement of fact. But Turkey’s European hopes in our mind remain strong. This is a critical period we are going through right now, but we are pleased at least so far that the European Commission recommended to continue the process, not to suspend it, not to stop it. And as Commissioner Olli Rehn has said there is no trainwreck and that is a very good thing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: But the train is slowing down and some would say it is coming to a halt, a virtual halt. There will be a suspension of certain chapters in the accession talks, as you know. And we all know that President Bush said Turkey’s E.U. membership was very much in the U.S. national interest. Are you worried about the current situation? Is the U.S. involved in any way, shape or form in bringing the sides together, in working toward a solution?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: Well, whether we worry or not is not really relevant. That is an emotional description. There is a problem to be solved and we are all working in this together. But the United States is more of an observer than a participant. Obviously, it is a question between the E.U. and Turkey as to how quickly Turkey’s E.U. accession proceeds. From my perspective, we want to make sure that that train of Turkey’s E.U. accession moves as quickly down the tracks as Turkey itself decides. In other words, as Turkey fulfills the criteria of accession, Turkey moves closer to the E.U. accession. Right now, the key is to work together with Turkey to make sure Turkey is demonstrating its readiness to, number one, advance its reforms, and everybody knows what those are. They are stipulated by the E.U. criteria. It is not the United States telling Turkey what it should do. We are just observing while this is what the E.U. has said its criteria are. And certainly, there does need to be some progress on Cyprus. The E.U. has decided or has recommended in terms of the Commission what that progress would mean. You know what that is. It is opening up ports to Greek Cypriot ships and goods. But we also understand that the European Union has made a commitment to ease the isolation of Turkish Cypriots. And we hope there will be some way, in the context of these mutual commitments of both of Turkey and the E.U. to each other, to move forward before the European Council meeting on December 14.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Two questions on those two issues you referred to. First, on reforms. One of those reforms which the U.S. has, excuse me, the E.U. has been pushing for is civilian control of the military in Turkey. Does the U.S. share the view that this is a necessary step to take?  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: Well, it is a statement of fact that in terms of the E.U. stated criteria that is a step to take. It is a different question whether the United States is pressing or encouraging Turkey to take the same reforms that the E.U. is encouraging. I would simply say that we deeply appreciate the peculiar, in fact, in some ways unique historical role that the Turkish military has played as well as in many ways as the custodian, the keeper of the basic ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Atatürk’s ideas are basically non-controversial in Turkey. Whether someone is an activist in the Ak Party or in one of the secular parties, purely secular parties, either way all politicians embrace Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and his brilliance and the enormous contributions he made not just to Turkish history, but European history as well. That is not controversial at all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: And on Cyprus. As you said, the E.U. is demanding Ankara admit Cypriot ships and goods as part of the Customs Union. But isn’t it true that the E.U. has not lived up to its own pledge of lifting the isolation of Turkish Cypriots?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: Well, yeah, I referred to that a little while ago. Yeah, back last October 3rd, when Turkey undertook an obligation, a sovereign obligation it undertook on its own free will, to open its ports to Greek Cypriot ships and goods, the E.U. did also pledge, well earlier I guess, back in April of 2004 after the referanda on Cyprus, to restore trade from the area administered by Turkish Cypriots into the E.U. at the same level as E.U. customs, as is in the E.U. Customs Union. Yeah, and the E.U. has not fulfilled that obligation, so that is, what you said, is a statement of fact. And so what I have been saying is, it seems that a logical way forward out of this is for both Turkey and the E.U. to fulfill the commitments that each made to each other on both of these issues you raised.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Very quickly, the U.S. also made a pledge to Turkey, didn’t it?  Just before the referenda in Cyprus if you remember. I remember interviewing Secretary of State Colin Powell at the time who said “We will not let the Turkish Cyriots be punished for their decision, we wıll work toward the lifting of the isolation.” Do you think the U.S. government has done enough?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: I don’t recall that particular statement by Secretary Powell as deeply as I respect him. I will say that I don’t feel Turkish Cypriots are being punished at all. On the contrary, I think the international community welcomes, embraces the Turkish Cypriots for having voted in favor of the Annan Plan which meant not so much that the Annan Plan was the key, the only solution, but that the people, the Turkish Cypriot people had decided in favor of reunification of their island and reunification into a bizonal, bicommunal federation. The United States government has strongly supported that position for decades, so we can only commend the Turkish Cypriot people for making that choice and we have reached out to them. We have done a number things to show our respect, to try to ease the isolation of Turkish Cypriots.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Okay. One last and slightly unrelated question on the PKK, about this decision in California. I understand a federal judge is now calling the freezing of the assets of organizations like the PKK illegal. What is the U.S. government’s understanding of this decision and how will the Bush administration fight it?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: Well, I personally am not a lawyer and haven’t had a chance to sit down with our lawyers and figure out exactly how to interprete that decision. And that will be happening now. I don’t even know the extent of which this is a final decision. But of course, I have no choice but to respect the separation of powers and if there is a court decision, of course we have to follow it. That said, as far as I am concerned and we are concerned here at the State Department and the executive branch, we are continuing full force ahead, full speed ahead, with all our efforts to eliminate the terrorist threat of the PKK. We are doing that in Iraq with General Ralston and I spent much of yesterday with him, talking through our next steps in Iraq, with the government of Iraq figting the PKK. We are also pursuing the PKK in Europe, undermining its support mechanisms, its financial mechanisms. And we are also working with the government of Turkey when asked to to help the Turkish government. We are offering information sharing as well.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: And on that note, thank you very much Mr. Bryza for your time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bryza: Thank you for yours Yasemin. It is nice to see you.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6945862833622144401?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6945862833622144401'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6945862833622144401'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-with-deputy-assistant.html' title='* INTERVIEW WITH DEPUTY ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE BRYZA'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-2759252060533054571</id><published>2006-12-01T13:03:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-12-01T13:44:48.098-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* INTERVIEW WITH MAJOR GENERAL MINETTI</title><content type='html'>Major General Gerald P. Minetti (Director, Coalition Coordination at Central Command) spoke with Yasemin Çongar on CNN Turk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;November 21, 2006  MacDill Air Force Base, Florida&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: General Minetti, good morning. Thank you for being with us. I would like to start by asking you about Iraq. In the briefing here this morning, the three main objectives in Iraq were stated as “security, stability and governance.” I would like to know how essential, in your view, is preserving Iraq’s territorial integrity to the achievement of these goals? Or, given the increase in the sectarian violence, do you think a loose federal system might serve the purpose better? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: I think that is something for the Iraqi government to discern and decide upon. I think when you look at the two successful elections and the constitutional referendum, there are provisions to be able to make changes. They are a sovereign government. The coalition countries that are there are all in support of helping the government and we will have to see as we progress what kind of changes the Iraqi government might see best for itself as we move down this path.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Iraqi President, Mr. Talabani said recently, in a speech in Washington, that they would like to have U.S. bases in northern Iraq which is a relatively stable area. He was saying that because that would be a deterrent, in his words, against the neighbors who might want to interfere in Iraq. Do you think having permanent bases in northern Iraq is a good idea?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: At this time, CENTCOM has no plans for any permanent basing withşn the country of Iraq.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Any plans for the redeployment of U.S. troops to the North, sir?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: I think the tactical commander, General Casey, in conference with his divisional commanders will have to make that call. I think right now the primary effort is Baghdad. Twenty percent of the Iraqi population lives in Baghdad. I would say the second priority would probably be the Al Anbar province up to the West. And so we have pulled forces from the North to move into Baghdad, the 172nd Striker Brigade was moved from the Mosul area down to Baghdad to help; their tour was extended. So I am not aware of anything to move more forces to the North.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Let me switch to Iran briefly if I may. Again, in this morning’s briefing, I was struck by your choice of words about Iran. You used positive words in general, words like engagement and dialogue. And of course there is a lot of talk about engaging both Iran and Syria now, perhaps in a conference of Iraq’s neighbors. How important is it to get the cooperation of Iran and Syria and what do you think the best method of that would be?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: That is something for our diplomats to work out. The Secretary of State and our Department of State certainly has a lead on that. I think you gain a whole lot by talking. I also think that that would certainly add stability to the country of Iraq. If we could reduce, or better yet, eliminate the influx of foreign fighters and suicide bombers coming in throuıgh Syria, if we could get the Iranian government, or the parts of the Iranian government that are supporting ongoing operations within Iraq to see “How do we provide economic support as opposed to the military support that is counter to what the Iraqi government is trying to do.” So I think it will be a benefit for the entire region to be able to ensure that Iran and Syria became good neighbors.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Let’s stay on Iraq. As you know, there is a continuous presence of the PKK in Northern Iraq. PKK, as you know, is a terrorist organization and recognized as such by the U.S., Turkey, and Europe. Combatting terrorism in Iraq is one of your objectives, but where does the PKK fit into the picture? Why hasn’t been any military operation against the PKK so far? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: I think there is ongoing cooperation between the Iraqi government, the United States and Turkey on dealing with the PKK concern. I think there were some consultative talks that were held in Turkey, I believe it was last month. I think they continued in Germany, maybe at the beginning of this month.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: In general terms, sir, do you think this is a military problem still or a political one?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: I think it is a little bit of both. Not being that involved in any of the negotiations that have been ongoing I probably cannot address it with the latest information that might be available.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: But there are no plans to deal wıth the PKK militarily…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: That is something again that the tactical commander on the ground would be aware of. I would not be aware of it here at Central Command.&lt;br /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Sir, was it a problem that the 4th Infantry Division was unable to open a northern front in Iraq at the beginning of the War? When you look at the bigger picture of the war and the military’s success, was it a problem, in hindsight, that there was not a northern front?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: There really was a northern front. It may not have been as large as we originally thought it might need to be. But keeping the 4th Infantry Division afloat in those 30 plus ships, I think, made Saddam and his generals not sure whether they were going to come through the North or not. And it may have caused him to not redeploy some of his forces from the North to reinforce the actual movement of the coalition forces up from the South. So it may have played into the hands of the coalition and been a positive thing in the end result.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: One very quick last question, if I may. Turkey’s Deputy Joint Chief of Staff, General Saygun was here at CENTCOM recently. Could you tell me, in a few words, what is the state of the military dialogue between the U.S. and Turkey now?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: Unfortunately, I was not here. I was on temporary duty and I missed his visit. So I don’t have information on that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Thank you, anyway, sir. Thanks very much for your time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Minetti: You are welcome. Nice meeting you.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-2759252060533054571?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/2759252060533054571'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/2759252060533054571'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/12/interview-with-major-general-minetti.html' title='* INTERVIEW WITH MAJOR GENERAL MINETTI'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-548461804692587859</id><published>2006-11-21T07:35:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-12-01T13:44:03.579-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* INTERVIEW WITH P.D. ASSISTANT SECRETARY VOLKER</title><content type='html'>Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State Kurt Volker spoke with Yasemin Çongar on CNN Turk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;November 15, 2006  Washington, D.C.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Mr. Volker, good morning. Thank you for being with CNN Turk this morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: Good morning.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: The Riga Summit is fast approaching, and let me start by asking you bluntly, what is wrong with NATO? How come the most successful alliance of the 20th century &lt;br /&gt;finds itself having difficulty in persuading its own members to share the burdens and risks of its operations equitably? Of course, I’m talking mainly about Afghanistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: I think NATO is extremely successful. I think it is taking on challenges now that were unimaginable ten years ago. If you think back to the NATO of 1994-1995, it had sixteen members, no partners, it had never conducted military operations. This year we have got NATO leading in Afghanistan, transporting African Union troops to Darfur, training Iraqi security forces; it is doing an awful lot. Afghanistan itself, I think, is an important measure of what the alliance is really doing. You have got a total of some 31,000 troops in Afghanistan. NATO is leading the ISAF operation throughout the entire country, all of our NATO allies are contributing. It is true that this is tough going in Afghanistan, but there has been tremendous progress over the last several years as well. Before ISAF operation, there we no children in school, no girls in school, now there are six million children in school—two million of them girls. Something over three million refugees have returned from Iran and Pakistan. The economy has tripled in size from when the operations in Afghanistan began in 2001. So we made remarkable progress in Afghanistan over several years, it is just difficult business.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: While there is success, as you said, there is also the difficulty of figting a counterinsurgency operation against the Taliban there. As you know, they are still present, they are still threatening the people and the government. The Secretary General of the NATO said, “Putting caveats on operations means putting caveats on the future of NATO.” How important is it, in the U.S. government’s view, that the individuals members would lift those caveats, those national restrictions on their troops in Afghanistan?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: I think it is important to recognize that some countries, NATO countries in Afghanistan, are fighting very hard and doing a tremendous job there. Countries like the Netherlands, Denmark, Canada, others as well, the U.K. and some non-NATO countries like Australia, they are really carrying a hard load in Afghanistan. We think it is important that there would be solidarity within the alliance and all countries carry the burden as much as they can. It is also important for the military commanders to be able to use the forces as best they know how in order to get the job done. The Dutch recently lifted some caveats on their forces; others are there with no caveats at all. The U.S. forces are there without caveats. And we think that is an important aspect, but all the allied nations’ contributions are important. There are areas of the country that are more stable such as the North and the West, and other countries are doing important work there as well. We also think that it is important as the NATO allies pull together to do the job in Afghanistan, we do it on the basis of solidarity and shared risk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Could I still ask you if your administration joins the Secretary General of NATO and General Jones, the SACEUR, in asking Turkey specifically to remove its caveats—the restrictions on its troops which handicap their operation in Afghanistan? As you know, Turkish troops cannot leave Kabul…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: I think it is important, as I said, that all countries look at what they can do to help the Afghan people. What is going to be the most effective thing? What is going to be the most effective for an effective NATO operation? Countries have to make their own choices. And as I said, we value every country’s contribution. There is not a single ally we would like to see go. We would like to see more. We would like to see greater support in Afghanistan and anything that Turkey can do to increase its level of support and to support the military commanders’ efforts to make use the best use of the forces in theater would be very important.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Do you see the ultimate success in Afghanistan as a case of make or break for NATO?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: I think it is a very important issue for the Afghan people principally. We cannot let them down. We have to help Afghanistan succeed. I think we made a lot of progress, but we have to keep going. I think it is important for NATO; NATO has taken on a very large mission here and it needs to succeed at this. I think that is the direction we are in. I think that is where we are headed. It is going to take time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Moving on to the issue of energy security… NATO has been talking about this recently. Where do you see NATO’s future role vis-à-vis energy security, and especially in the Black Sea basin?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: Energy security is not a new issue for NATO, it is an old issue for NATO. If you think back to the Cold War, NATO had a pipeline committee that was devoted to ensuring that we had the security of energy supply for our NATO allies. This is something we had not thought much about since the end of the Cold War. But it is still out there, and  we need to pay attention to that. Every NATO ally is responsible principally for security within its own territory and the alliance as a whole tries to ensure the security of the alliance as a whole. So it is only in that context that we will look at whether Turkey’s security and how it is managing its security as a NATO ally and what support could NATO provide to Turkey. And it is an issue that is not one with any major new initiatives coming up at the Riga Summit. But rather it is an issue of NATO trying to focus again on some of these old tasks that we should still pay attention to. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: As you know both Russia and Turkey had been very vocal about their misgivings about a continuous presence of NATO in the Black Sea. Has the U.S. given up on that idea?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: Remember, Turkey is a member of NATO. So you are not going to get NATO out of the Black Sea unless you get Turkey out of NATO which no one wants to do.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: (Laughter) But you do know what I am talking about. I am talking about the idea of a continuous operation of NATO ships in the Black Sea…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: This is, I think, an issue about whether the Active Endeavour operation which we conducted in the Mediterranean, which is for counterterrorism purposes should be extended to the Black Sea or not…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Yes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: The obvious thing about the Black Sea is that this is a region that is very diverse from the Caucasus to Russia, Ukraine, Turkey. This is a region that in some areas, not all areas, suffers from problems like corruption, some security problems, need for economic development, need for greater democratization. So it is a region that we would hope will develop and grow both in democracy, market economy, stability, anti-corruption, anti-organized crime, fight against trafficking and things like that. There are many many ways to do this. And we work with the countries in the region to develop (inaudible...) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: At the summit in Riga, there won’t be an invitation to new members. But the language of enlargement continues. The process of enlargement is still there and will probably be part of the final statement in Riga. How do you see the chances of Georgia to join the NATO some day?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: In the first instance, we have three countries that have been in the membership action plan for some time: Albania, Croatia, and Macedonia. And we do expect, in 2008, at the next NATO summit to take place,  NATO will issue invitations to those countries who qualify with NATO standards. So that is the first instance. Georgia and Ukraine have expressed interest in NATO membership. Both of them have intensified dialogue with NATO about membership questions. And we are going to work with them to support the reforms necessary, the development necessary that they could become credible candidates for NATO membership. They are not at the same stage as some of the others, but they have expressed their aspiration and our view is that every European country that is a democracy, that supports the same values as the rest of the NATO alliance, that wants to contribute to common security should be considered eligible provided that they meet the standards of NATO.    &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Nowadays, after the midterm elections in the U.S., there is more of a talk about a new strategy in Iraq. Does the U.S. government envisage a larger role for NATO in Iraq?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: NATO is playing a niche role in Iraq right now which is the training of Iraqi security forces. That is a goal where there is consensus among the allies and where all the allies are contributing in one matter or another whether they are troop trainers or . That is likely to continue. I don’t see much prospect at the moment for changing that NATO role. And I see that also a little bit in a different context. I know you mentioned the debate going on now in the United States and of course the Iraq Study Group which is going to come forward with some recommendations about an overall Iraq strategy. That is all being done outside the NATO context. The NATO role has really been confined to training the Iraqi security forces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: And will stay that way for the foreseeable future...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: Uh-huh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: Okay, one last question that is specifically on Turkey now. You might remember that President Bush, when he met Prime Minister Erdoğan at the Oval Office, said on the record that, “Turkey’s E.U. membership is in the Unites States’ national interest.” Now, as you know, the E.U. and Turkey are going through a very difficult period and there is some talk about the suspension of negotiations. How do you think both sides can overcome this Cyprus obstacle, if you will? And what, if anything, is the U.S. willing to do to help?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: Well, as you said, we think it is in Turkey’s interest, we think it is in the E.U.’s interest, it is in our own interest to see Turkey work toward E.U. membership and the E.U. to reach out to Turkey and work with Turkey. We think that is good for everyone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is true that we had a recent E.U. report that says Turkey has not met the obligations that it took on in the execution of protocol that is part of its negotiations with E.U. There is work to be done. Of course, E.U. membership requires that countries to meet certain standards of E.U.  just like we talk about when we talk about NATO membership of countries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Turkey has made progress. There is more work to be done and we would hope that both E.U. and Turkey will draw up their sleeves and say “We know this is our common objective, let’s see what it takes to get there.” We are encouraging both sides to work in that spirit. We are not in a position where we can say to E.U. “do this” and “do that.” Nor, for that matter, to Turkey do we say “do this, do that.” That is something that both sides will have to want themselves and work toward themselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: I don’t want to put words into your mouth, but is it fair to say that the U.S. does not want to see the talks suspended?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: We want to see them succeed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Çongar: And, on that note, thank you very much for your time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Volker: Thank you.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-548461804692587859?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/548461804692587859'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/548461804692587859'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/11/interview-with-pd-assistant-secretary.html' title='* INTERVIEW WITH P.D. ASSISTANT SECRETARY VOLKER'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-5049492650225275921</id><published>2006-10-31T20:10:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T14:33:44.698-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* INTERVIEW WITH GENERAL JONES</title><content type='html'>General James L. Jones, the Supreme Allied Commander-Europe (SACEUR) and the Commander of the United States European Command (COMUSEUCOM), spoke with Yasemin Çongar on CNN Turk. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;October 24, 2006  Washington, D.C. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: General, thank you very much for talking to CNN Turk this morning. I would like to begin by asking you about the number of security forces in Afghanistan. The per capita ratio of security forces--when you add the ANA (Afghan National Army), ANP (Afghan National Police), NATO, U.S. and irregular forces--still seems to be too low for a successful counter-insurgency operation. How important is it now to persuade the individual NATO countries to make more contributions and to resource this operation more enthusiastically? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JONES: Well I don’t know if there is a textbook solution to what the right ratio of the per capita ratio is for the successful fight against an insurgency. But I do believe that solution set has to be more oriented towards focused reconstruction this is a many faceted problem, a multi-faceted problem. For me the solution set has to be more oriented towards focused reconstruction and development. Because you have in Afghanistan a good base there in the public popular opinion that says that have demonstrated through two overwhelmingly two elections that they are ready for a different time, they want to stop fighting. And so the question is how soon can we bring the reconstruction? How soon can we allow and help the Karzai government expand its influence and it means that in addition to fighting what is left of the Taliban and the so called classic insurgents, to make a difference in such areas as judicial reforms, the police capabilities, and without question, the influence of narcotics on Afghan society and on Afghan economy and on the insurgency. So, on the one hand it’s fairly easy to see the problem. The challenge is how do you bring all the elements that are working together from the military all the way up to the United Nations that is leading the coordination of the aid and the reconstruction. And if you can do that and if you can focus it the right way at the right place, the right time at the right amount, I think you can make a lot of head way. So, another way of summarizing this question is I don’t think it’s just a military problem. But I do think the military plays a crucial role in establishing the conditions by which reconstruction can take place.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Also, in a briefing today in Washington, you mentioned the importance of removing the caveats, if you will, removing the restrictions on the NATO forces that individual NATO countries have imposed. And you said letters were sent to the chiefs of defense of the NATO countries who are to meet in Brussels shortly.  Specifically, what caveat would you like to see Turkey remove so that Turkey can contribute more? Also keeping in mind that Turkey is, I think, one of the NATO countries with the lowest level of contribution when you look at the population of the country and the population of the armed forces…  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JONES: Right…Well here again the meeting that is coming up in Brussels is the Chiefs of Defense, it’s the military meeting. Later on this year we will have a Heads of State meeting at the region summit. But this meeting next week is important because we have signaled to the military chiefs that we would like them to come to the table with some commitment to remove the national restrictions that are most important to the ability of the commander to command his forces and those restrictions usually have things to do with territorial restrictions for example, limitation by a country that forces cannot be moved out of a certain zone of action for example. Those kinds of caveats cause the commander of ISAF to have to work double hard. Actually it means that we have to generate more forces to compensate that lack of maneuverability. Turkey is a very important country to the future of Afghanistan. Turkish business interests are predominant in Turkey. I know for example the American Embassy was built by a Turkish firm in Kabul and they did a very nice job. We have had Turkish commanders in charge of ISAF. Turkey is a great power and has enormous capacity to make a difference in Afghanistan. And I would very much encourage my friends in Turkey and other countries that have national restrictions to seriously consider what that does and to increase the level of support not just militarily but also in terms of the reconstruction peace and joining the discussions and answering the questions, “What do we do about narcotics? Do we do about judicial reform? What do we do about training the police? What do we do about battling the corruption in the country? This not just a problem for Turkey, it’s a problem for all of us and a significant regional power like Turkey can make an enormous contribution to the out come of Afghanistan.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Since we have a predominantly Turkish audience today, I would like to ask you more specifically: Would you like to see Turkey to remove the caveat of Turkish forces not being able to operate outside Kabul?  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JONES: I would.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Okay, thank you. One quick question on Pakistan, Sir: After the recent agreement between, you know, the Pakistanis and the Waziris, there seems to be an increase in the attacks across the border. How does NATO begin to come to grips with Taliban, with a Taliban sanctuary in Pakistan?  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JONES: Well, we have an emerging but very hopeful relationship emerging with Pakistan, specifically the military. I visited Islamabad recently. We anticipate the visit of Pakistani Military leaders to Brussels in the not too distant future. We have had very hopeful discussions. They explained in detail the principles behind what they hope to achieve in their negotiations with the tribal regions and the tribal leaders. We are watching very carefully what is happening on the Afghan side of the boarder and we will have more and more discussions as evidence continues to present itself one way or the other. I think what happens in Afghanistan is not just an isolated problem, it is a regional problem and countries around Afghanistan all have high interest in what happens there. Probably chief among them is Pakistan. So, we hope that this relationship is going to develop. It is off to a good start. Pakistani authorities have said that they want to help solve the problem along the boarders and we are looking forward to working with them just to do that.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Well, one last question if I may. You put emphasis on reconstruction, on winning the hearts and minds of people. I was in Afghanistan and I interviewed many people who were very much supportive of the NATO effort and the change in the country. But they are also very sceptical of the Karzai government; they are saying they are not seeing results. How is it possible to win in Afghanistan if there are not enough resources—-if there is not enough money for reconstruction, if the corruption is not being fought against as forcefully as it can be?  In other words, do you think NATO, which–-you say-–can win militarily, can also win this politically with the amount of resources in play? &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JONES: NATO’s mission does not include the totality. NATO is not responsible for everything in Afghanistan NATO has a mandate for security and stability and some reconstruction through the prudential reconstruction teams, essentially setting the conditions so that those massive international relief organizations can come in and do the job. Your questions are absolutely correct that the longer we fail to address the issues that you just raised and I raised in previous meetings, the longer we will be there and the longer we are there, the more hope that we give to the opposition and then if you take it to its logical extreme, the more it becomes a military problem. I prefer to be on the optimistic side and say” look there is an awful lot of aid going in there. Let’s make sure it is coordinated, let’s make sure the money is being well spent. Let’s make sure we are tackling the things we have to tackle. The corruption, the crime, the judicial reform, the police, more police in the villages and above all some progress on narcotics, which is not only fueling the insurgency but paying for it, but also affecting all aspects of Afghan life in a negative way. If we can do that then I think we can make more rapid progress in Afghanistan. And if we don’t I think we will just be there a lot longer.  &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Okay and on that note, thank you very much General. Thank you for your time. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;JONES: Thank you, my pleasure.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-5049492650225275921?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5049492650225275921'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/5049492650225275921'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/10/interview-with-general-jones.html' title='* INTERVIEW WITH GENERAL JONES'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6293590209640465269</id><published>2006-10-31T10:53:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T07:49:05.063-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* REMARKS BY AMBASSADOR WILSON</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://fpc.state.gov/fpc/73757.htm"&gt;http://fpc.state.gov/fpc/73757.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6293590209640465269?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6293590209640465269'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6293590209640465269'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/10/remarks-by-ambassador-wilson.html' title='* REMARKS BY AMBASSADOR WILSON'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6076052494156669336</id><published>2006-10-31T10:52:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T07:50:12.030-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BUSH AND PRIME MINISTER ERDOĞAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/10/20061002-5.html"&gt;http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2006/10/20061002-5.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6076052494156669336?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6076052494156669336'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6076052494156669336'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/10/remarks-by-president-bush-and-prime_31.html' title='* REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BUSH AND PRIME MINISTER ERDOĞAN'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-6447586436641936827</id><published>2006-10-31T10:51:00.002-08:00</published><updated>2006-10-31T10:52:29.307-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* INTERVIEW WITH GENERAL RALSTON</title><content type='html'>General Joseph Ralston, the U.S. government’s special envoy for countering the PKK, spoke with Yasemin Çongar on CNN Turk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;September 27, 2006 Washington, D.C.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: General, thank you very much for talking with CNN Turk. It’s good to see you.&lt;br /&gt;In a briefing, this morning, to the foreign press in Washington, you made it very clear that you are not a “coordinator,” that you won’t be talking to the PKK, and that you don’t like the term “coordinator.” Actually, you are the “Special Envoy of the US Government for Countering PKK.” But there is still some confusion in Turkey about what you will do, what your mission is exactly. So I would like to start by asking you about your area of responsibility, if you will. Does it involve in any way, shape, or form the PKK presence within Turkey, the PKK actions inside Turkey or the Kurdish question per se?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: Well, back again to what you say, I am special envoy for countering the PKK. Our immediate focus is with the PKK in Northern Iraq. I have been given responsibility of trying to come up with a set of actions that the US government, the Turkish government and the Iraqi government could take to solve this particular problem. I am not here to get involved in internal matters within Turkey. Turkey is a democratically… is a democracy and that is up to the Turkish people, the Turkish government to decide what needs to be done inside Turkey. I’m concentrating on the PKK that happens to be in Iraq and needs to go away.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: So General, do I understand you right? Is your job, your focus, exclusively on Iraq – on the PKK presence in Iraq?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: My job is to counter the PKK and certainly the immediate area of concern is the PKK that is operating out of Iraq.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: In answering a question at the briefing, you did not rule out meeting with “law-abiding citizens” of Turkey if they had anything to say that’s relevant to countering the PKK. The questions on everyone’s mind in Turkey is, Is he going to meet with DTP leaders? Is he going to meet the Kurdish political leaders in Turkey?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: It is certainly my intent to work with General Başer who is my counterpart and was appointed by the Turkish government and to work with Turkish government. And to do the same thing with the Iraqi government and the counterpart to be named in Iraq. I have no plans to meet with political parties in Turkey. I said that I am not supposed to meeting with law-abiding citizens in any country anywhere if it’s relevant to what we need to do.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Let me go back to President Talabani’s statement to the Newsweek where he spoke of a ceasefire that the PKK might announce soon and suggested that he had, or they had, convinced the PKK to stop the attacks against Turkey. I know you don’t like the word “ceasefire” because it can very easily be misunderstood. So let us call it a “cessation of the PKK attacks” if you will. First of all, do you find credence in Mr. Talabani’s statement that the PKK would announce a cessation of attacks? And secondly, is seeking a cessation of the PKK attacks part of your agenda in Iraq?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: First of all, countering the PKK is the mission. If the PKK lays down its arms and renounces violence, then certainly that is a good thing, that is a good step for any terrorist group anywhere to do that. I can understand the unease with the word ceasefire because that implies that two nations agreed to a ceasefire, and that’s not what we are talking about here. We’re talking about the laying down of arms and cessation of hostile acts against civilians. That’s a good thing to do whether that’s credible or not remains to be seen. We need to wait and see.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: But even a temporary cessation of attacks at this point will help your efforts…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: I think certainly that will help and most of all, it will help the Turkish people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Again a question that’s on many people’s minds in Turkey is this: Concerning the PKK leaders in Northern Iraq, we can reach them, as journalists, we can go and interview them, we know where they live, we know their addresses, their phone numbers. Why is it so difficult to arrest them? Is there political difficulty in arresting the PKK leaders in Northern Iraq?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: This was the reason of my trip to Iraq to talk to all of the governmental officials in Iraq to convince them of the need to eliminate the PKK presence in Iraq. Because it’s not in Iraq’s interest. Turkey is the best friend that Iraq will ever have in that part of the world. The economic ties between Turkey and Iraq are enormous and they will get bigger in time. The terrorist acts is not conducive to good economic conditions. This is what we really need to do. To improve the standard of living for Turkish citizens, Iraqi citizens and you do that through commerce, through economic ties. And any time you have a terrorist organization that is going around going at innocent people that is counterproductive to economic progress. And those were the messages I was carrying to the Iraqi leadership.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Along the line of thought of Northern Iraq not being a refuge for the PKK anymore, are you, in principle, for the closure of the Mahmur Kamp?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: Absolutely. The UN has said that we need to close the Mahmur Camp. There are ceratın steps that you need to do in order to carry that out. And that’s certainly one of the things we’ll be talking to the Iraqi officials about.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Can we say that the Mahmur Camp will be closed in the foreseeable future?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: I don’t know if you can say that or not. There are steps that have to be done in order to do it. It’s certainly the intention to close the Mahmur Camp as soon as possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: From what you said earlier, I understand that, returning – if not militarily wiping them out — returning the PKK members to Turkey, getting them out of Iraq is a goal. Short of military action, can they be forced or lured to do that? Is there any way of encouraging them to go back to Turkey?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: This is what General Başer and I and our Iraqi counterpart will be working on, weill be working very hard to go through what are the appropriate steps that are doable that can lead to countering the PKK and making the PKK go away as a terrorist organization, that’s our goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Is any kind of amnesty part of your discussions with Turkey?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: That is not been part of my discussions with Turkey. This is an issue for the Turkish people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Turkey has been very concerned lately that there might be an amendment to the Iraqi Constitution which is still being discussed and that might make the extradition of criminals, terrorists between Turkey and Iraq impossible. Do you think such an amendment would help the situation?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: I have got enough problems with my own mandate without going into Iraqi constitution, so I’ll stay away from that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Are you, or I should say, should we be satisfied with the level of dialogue between Iraq and Turkey, between Bahdad and Ankara and also between Northern Iraqi Kurdish leaders and Ankara?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: I believe that there is room for improvement ın dialogue between the US and Ankara, there’s room for improvement between the US and Baghdad and there’s room for improvement between Baghdad and Ankara. So I think it’s incumbent upon all three governments to improve the level of understanding and level of cooperation between nations.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Would it help if Turkey was talking directly with Mr. Barzani?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: Again, this is an issue for Turkey and the Iraqi government to decide.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: OK. When are you going back to the region sir?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: I will be going back to the region in less than two weeks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: To Turkey. And also to Iraq?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: I am going back to Turkey initially.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: And when should we expect a tripartite meeting on PKK, on security issues?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: I don’t know. Whenever the appropriate time is. We have to properly prepare it and ww will do that whenever the time is right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: And that time has not come yet?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: That time has not come yet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: You have spoken against military intervention, or rather, you have actually said that the military option should be the last resort. “It is on the table, all options are on the table, but the military option should be the last resort.” Are you confident, sir, that Turkey will have the patience to wait for the fruits, if you will, of your efforts and the efforts of others in the region and not to intervene militarily with the increase in the PKK attacks in Turkey?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: Turkey is a sovereign nation and Turkey will have to make its own decisions. What I have said and I think too much has been said about it, I have said that all options are on the table. We need to look at a wide range of measures. Military action is ceratinly one of those measures. I merely said as a former militery officer and the same can be said of anyone who has ever worn a uniform, we all believe that use of force should be the last resort, not the first resort. That doesn’t mean that I have spoken against the military option. Quite the opposite; military option at times is necessary. And I haven’t been reluctant to use military action when it was called for. But I merely stated, as a principle, that military action should follow all other alternatives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: General Ralston, you have been very generous with your time. I have one last question. This week, there was a funeral – there are many funerals in Turkey these days as you know – and a Turkish soldier who was killed by the PKK was being buried. His father said “The US is responsible for the death of my son and I put the blame squarely on the US.” If you were to address that father who might be watching us tonight, sir, what would you tell him, what would you promise him that that the US government will do against the PKK in the region?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: First of all, I would say not only to that father but to the families of the victims of the PKK terrorist acts, my deepest sympathies. I understand that. Every country in the world has problems with terrorists whether it is the US or Turkey. And that is why I came back to do this mission, not because I was looking for something else to do. But when I was asked would I go do it, the significance of trying to eradicate terrorism is so important to all our future, to our children, to our grandchildren, to the next generations, that it is worth making every effort we can to eradicate terrorism wherever it is.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: And on that note, thank you very much General Ralston and good luck to you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RALSTON: Thank you very much.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-6447586436641936827?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6447586436641936827'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/6447586436641936827'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/10/interview-with-general-ralston.html' title='* INTERVIEW WITH GENERAL RALSTON'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-7675716372973114568</id><published>2006-10-31T10:51:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2006-10-31T10:51:40.241-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANI GÜL İLE SÖYLEŞİ</title><content type='html'>Dışişleri Bakanı Abdullah Gül, CNN Türk’te Yasemin Çongar’ın sorularını yanıtladı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6 Temmuz 2006 Washington, D.C.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Sayın Dışişleri Bakanı Washington’daki yoğun temaslarınız arasında CNN Türk’e de zaman ayırdığınız için çok teşekkür ederiz. Hemen bu ziyareti değerlendirerek başlamak istiyorum söyleşimize, özellikle de bu belgeyi. Stratejik ortaklığı kayda geçiren bir belge. Belgenin önemi ortada. Ben size bu belgeyi, hükümet olarak nasıl kullanmayı düşündüğünüzü sormak istiyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Bu belgeye baktığınızda, kısa sürede konuştuklarımızı, biraraya geldiğimizde tartıştıklarımızı, yaptığımız türlü açıklamaları, bunları bir kağıt üzerine koyduk. Bunları Sayın Rice’ın geçen sefer Türkiye’ye yaptığı ziyarette ilk defa konuşmuştuk. Ve arkadaşlarımız o günden sonra çalıştılar onun üzerinde. Birşeyin yazıya dökülmesi kolay bir şey değil ve bir mutabakatla onu açıklıyorsunuz ve bu bir referans belgesi oluyor artık. O açıdan her iki hükümetlerin, yönetimlerin bunu daima dikkate alması gerekiyor. Biz de bunu dikkate alacağız. Zaten oraya hiç inanmadığımız veyahut da yapamayacağımız veyahut da kabul etmediğimiz şeyleri yazmadık da, yazmayız da. Ona bakarsanız, hepsi bizim şu anda zaten yaptığımız şeyler. İşte Ortdaoğu’da zaten çalışıyoruz, “iki devletli sistem” diyoruz. Irak’la ilgili işte taleplerimiz var. Demokrasinin bütün Ortadoğu’da, dünyada her tarafta yayılmasını özellikle çok arzu ediyoruz ve kendi ülkemizde bunun şampiyonluğunu yapıyoruz adeta. İşte köklü reformları yapmaktan büyük bir gurur duyduğumuzu her yerde açıklıyoruz. Ve bu ilişkilerin kontrol edilebilmesi, bu ilişkilerin nasıl gidiyor olduğu, bunu gerçekten referans kağıdı olarak alıyor muyuz almıyor muyuz, bunun da tespit edilmesi için mekanizmalar kuruyoruz. Böylelikle arkadaşlarımız belli dönemlerde biraraya geliyorlar, bazı önemli fikirler ortaya çıkarken tartışıyorlar, herkes birbirinin ne düşündüğünü biliyor. O açıdan (belgenin) çok faydalı olduğu kanaatindeyim. Kıbrıs’la ilgili oraya konulan ifadelerin ne kadar önemli olduğunu, herhalde söylememe gerek yok. Terörle, PKK ile mücadele etmenin ne kadar önemli olduğunu söylememe gerek yok. Bunlar aslında bakıldığında, şu ana kadar hep söylediğimiz “stratejik ortaklık” diyoruz, ilk defa bir kağıda geçmiş oluyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Artık “Stratejik ortaklık var mı” dendiğinde kağıda bakılacak…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Şöyle söyleyeyim, bu Amerika açısından çok alışılmış bir yöntem değil. Yani çok nadir bir iş, belki ilk defa böyle bir şey yapıyorlar. Ama bunun bu şekilde yayımlanması, burada şeffaflık da çok önemli. Türkiye’de bu iş ilk defa gündeme geldiğinde çok sorgulandı. Gizli bir belge mi olacak? Bunun içinde neler yazılacak? Hayaller, hiç olmayacak şeyler düşünüldü. Biz de şeffaflığa verdiğimiz önemi gösterdik, bu belge dosyalarımızın arasında kalmadı. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Belgenin geenlinde çok güçlü bir çıkar, vizyon ortaklığı vurgulanıyor. Gerçekten bölgesel meselelere bakışta, ortak değerler, ortak çıkarlar üzerinden iki ülkenin birbirine son derece yakın olduğu vurgulanıyor. Ama şimdi bir o ifadeye bakıyoruz, bir de Türkiye’deki ortama. Muhalafet partilerinden belgeye çok ciddi eleştiriler var, “teslimiyet belgesi” diyenler var. Bir de onu bırakınız, işte Pew araştırması vardı, biliyorsunuz Amerika’ya, sadece Amerikan başkanına ve devletine değil, Amerikan halkına bile sıcak bakış çok gerilemiş durumda Türkiye’de. Bayağı bir olumsuz hissiyat var. Siz arada bir uçurum görmüyor musunuz? Kağıt üzerinde bu kadar yakın iki devlet, bu kadar ortak vizyona sahip iki devlet. Ama bakınca toplumda, siyasetçiler, kamuoyu, hatta medya Amerika’ya çok daha soru işaretleriyle bakıyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Önce tabii, Türkiye’deki değişikliği görmek lazım. Türkiye giderek açık bir toplum, demokratik bir toplum, basın özgürlüğü açısından hiçbir yerde görülmeyecek kadar çok serbest bir toplum haline geldi Türkiye. Dolayısıyla böyle bir toplum içersinde, insanlara şunu niçin böyle yapıyorsun diyemezseniz … Ben Türkiye’nin ve Türk halkının Amerikan düşmanı olduğuna inanmıyorum. Bu bir abartmadır. Ama politikalara, politikacılara karşı, onların takip ettikleri politikalara karşı tenkit var. Bu ayrımı iyi yapmak gerekir. Bir de maalesef çıkar için de bu kullanılıyor, istismar ediliyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Amerikan karşıtı söylem bazı siyasi çıkarların malzemesi mi oluyor?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Onun yalnız siyasi değil, bazen ticari amaçlı olarak da yapıldığını çok açık görüyoruz. Ticari amaçlı yapılınca, bunun yansımaları çok daha farklı oluyor, çok daha etkili olabiliyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Ticari amaç derken, bir tür popülizm mi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Ticari amaç derken bu rating olabilir, başka bir şey olabilir. Çok daha fazla ilgi çekmek, satmak olabilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Medyaya taş atıyorsunuz burada…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Siyasetçiler, tabii ki bildiğiniz gibi, onlar da bunu çok popülizm yapmak için kullananlar olabilir. Şimdi mesela buna “teslimiyet belgesi” diyenlere ne diyeceksiniz? Nedir yani teslimiyet? Anlamıyorum. Yani Kıbrıs’ta ekonomik ambargonun kaldırılmasını kağıda geçirmek, PKK ile mücadele için, demokrasinin bütün bölgede yayılması için aynı fikirde olmak teslimiyetse, hiç söyleyecek bir şey yok. Eminim ki baş başa konuştuğunuzda, onlar da böyle düşünmüyorlar, ama popülizm adına işte bunlar yapılıyor. Ama bunların neticeleri kötü oluyor, bunların neticeleri bildiğiniz gibi bazen çok kötü yansıyor toplumumuza.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Kıbrıs’a atlayalım. Belgede hakikaten son derece açık biçimde Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta izolasyonların kalkması hedefine sahip çıkıyor Amerika. Bu, ilk defa bu kadar açıkça, bir ikili belgede ifadesini bulması açısından önemli. Şunu sormak istiyorum; AB’de Kıbrıs engelinden, bir tür tren kazası yaşanabileceğinden söz ediliyor. Yaratıcı bir fikir var mı? İzolasyonları kaldırmak için bir ara Yeşil Hat üzerinde serbest ticaret bölgesi fikri dolandı. Buna Amerikalılar sıcak bakıyorlar. ABD’nin de yardımıyla, AB’nin de sahip çıkacağı, izolasyonun kaldırılması için yol açacak yaratıcı bir fikir var mı ortada?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Bu Kıbrıs konusunda çok sabırlı ve ısrarlı olmak lazım. Bir gecede hallolucak bir şey değil. Hallolucak olsa, şimdiye kadar çoktan hallolurdu. Önemli olan size hak verilmesi ve haklı görülmenizdir. Ondan sonra bunun arkasından adımlar muhakkak ki atılacaktır. Amerika gibi önemli bir ülkenin bu konuda Türkiye’nin tezlerini doğru bulması çok önemlidir. Tabii ki, BM’de ABD’nin önemini ihmal edemeyiz. Dolayısıyla bundan sonra gelişecek çözümler, kalıcı çözüm için oluşacak formüller, bütün bunların doğru istikamete gitmesi için önce size hak verilmesi gerekir ve size karşı bir tavrın alınmaması gerekir. Bunun çok önemli olduğu kanaatindeyim. Zaten burada hiçbir tereddüt yok. Daha da ileri gidilerek bunun kağıda dökülmesi olumlu olmuştur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Washington’da sadece Sayın Rice ile değil, Başkan’ın Ulusal Güvenlik Danışmanı Sayın (Stephen) Hadley ile de görüştünüz ve Kıbrıs’ı çok ayrıntılı konuştunuz onunla bildiğim kadarıyla…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Evet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Orada da böyle bir destek havası var mıydı?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Doğrusu, orada da ben aynı havayı gördüm. Önemli olan size “Haklısınız” demeleri ve samimi olarak sizin haklı olduğunuzu görmeleri ve bu konuda çalışma iradelerini ortaya koymalarıdır. Ben bugün yarın neticesinin çıkacağını zannediyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Belgenin yine Türkiye açısından önemli bir noktası, tabii PKK’nın zikredilmesi, PKK’ya karşı mücadelenin ifade edilmesi. Çok kısa sormak istiyorum, bu PKK’ya atıf konusunda bir kavga yaşandı mı Türkiye ile Amerika arasında?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Hayır, bir kavga değil. Önce şunu söylemek istiyorum, bir mahcubiyet var burada, bunu açıkça görüyorsunuz ve bunu açıkça ifade ediyorlar. Yani PKK’ya karşı yapmaları gerekeni tam yapamamanın, yapmamış olmanın sıkıntısını hissediyorsunuz kendilerinde. Ben bu sefer farklı bir argüman da ortaya koydum. Dedim ki, “Eğer örgüt, bir dost kabul edilen, dost olan, hatta neredeyse bir müttefik olacak noktaya gelmiş olan bir ülkede olursa, bu çok farklı bir anlam taşır. İşte düşman gördüğünüz bir rejim olur, iyi ilişkiler içersinde olmadığınız bir ülke olur, izole ettiğiniz, ilişkilerinizi minimum noktaya indirdiğiniz bir yer olur, oralara sığınabilirler. Hadi bunun bazen izahı olabiliyor. Ama dost gördüğünüz, yardım ettiğiniz ve müttefiklerinizin kontrolündeki bir ülkede terör örgütü olursa, bunun izahı mümkün olmaz.” Bunu dediğimde, bu tabii çok çarpıcı bir şey oldu. O bakımdan eminim ki, çok farklı adımlar atacaklar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Diyorsunuz ki, bu mahcubiyetin böyle bir somut sonucunu artık bekleyebiliriz…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Evet.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Pekala, buraya gelmeden (Irak Dışişleri Bakanı) Hoşyar Zebari’yle görüştünüz. Burada da dediniz ki, “Samimiyetlerine inanıyorum.” Gerçekten artık Irak yönetiminde de bu konunun üstüne gitme açısından bir kararlılık seziyor musunuz?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Şimdi bu demin söylediğim şeyin ne kadar akıl almaz bir şey olduğunu eminim ki herkes görüyor. Dolayısıyla mecburlar bunu temizlemeye.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Irak’ın ve bizim diğer komşumuza, Suriye’ye geçelim. Siz buraya gelmeden önce Suriye Devlet Başkanı’na, Başbakan’ın Başdanışmanı Prof. Ahmet Davutoğlu eliyle bir mesaj gitti. Çünkü bu İsrail-Filistin gerginliğini, Gazze operayonlarını yatıştırmaya çalışan ülkelerden biri de Türkiye. Bu çok tartışılıyor şu anda Türkiye’de. Gerek sizin açıklamalarınızdan, gerekse Sayın Rice’ın açıklamalarından artık biliyoruz ki, bu Amerika’nın, İsrail’in isteği doğrultusunda yapılmış bir girişim. Size şunu sormak istiyorum, Şam bu aşamada ne yapabilir bu gerginliği gidermek için?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Bu meselenin iyi anlaşılmasını isterim. Biz, Filistin ile İsrail arasındaki gerginlik giderek artmaya başlayınca, İsrail de Filistin üzerinde askeri operasyonları başlatınca ve ambargolar çok daha şiddetli bir şekilde uygulanmaya başlayınca, Filistin’den doğrusu feryatlar yükselmeye başladı. Bu feryatlara kulak asanlar çok az oldu. Bu feryatlara kulak asan ve ciddi olarak bununla ilgilenen bir tek Türkiye oldu. Sayın Başbakanımızı, (Filistin Yönetimi Başkanı) Mahmud Abbas defalarca aradı, Filistinli grupların hepsi aradı. Beni aradılar. Biz hatırlarsınız, Filistin’e yardım etme kararı aldık ve yardımlarımızı artırdık. Bu operasyonlar çok daha fazla hale gelip de, orada bakanlar ile milletvekilleri  tutuklanınca, Mahmud Abbas tekrar aradı bizi. “Biz artık biraraya bile gelemiyoruz, biz artık yeraltına sığınmak durumundayız. Ne olur, biraz hareketlenin, elinizden geleni yapın, ancak siz yapabilirsiniz” dedi. Daha sonra olaylar daha da gelişti. İşte İsrailli asker kaçırıldı ve iş daha da gerginleşince (İsrail Başbakanı) Olmert, Başbakan’ı aradı ve yardım istedi. İsrail Dışişleri Bakanı Livni ilk önce beni aradı. “Aman, bütün Filistinli gruplar üzerinde, Suriye üzerinde ne olur harekete geçin de, işte bu meseleler dursun” diye. Dolayısıyla bizim bu meseleye girişimiz bu şekilde oldu.&lt;br /&gt;Filistinlilerin açıkçası çektiği bu baskıların da bir an önce durması, oradaki operasyonların da durması gerektiğine inandığımız için harekete geçtik. Sayın Başbakan, Başkan Bush’u aradı. Dedi ki “ABD bu işin içine girmezse, gerginlik giderek daha çok artar.” Ve herkes, Türkiye’nin aktif olmasını istedi. Onun üzerine Sayın Başbakan, danışmanını Suriye’ye, Şam’a gönderdi. Orada çok faydalı görüşmeler oldu. Diğer Filistinli gruplarla temaslar oldu. Dolayısıyla bazı şeyler yapılabilir tabii. Yapılması gereken gayet açık. Bunun için önce askeri operasyonların durması gerekir, tutuklu olan bakanların, milletvekillerinin hemen serbest bırakılması gerekir, bu askerin serbest bırakılması gerekir, karşılıklı füzeler atma filan, bunların hemen durması gerekir. Sonra da tabii, hapisteki birçok kadınlar, hamile kadınlar, 18 yaşının altındaki çocuklar, bunların serbest bırakılması gerekir. Biz, bunun için uğraşıyoruz. Böyle bir ortam sağlanırsa, bu yeni bir iklim oluşturur, sükunet oluşturur, onun üzerine tekrar diyalog başlayabilir. Yaptığımız bu bizim.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Bu çaba çerçevesinde, Türkiye’nin, Türkiye’den herhangi bir temsilcinin Hamas’ın siyasi lideri Halid Meşal’le yeniden, yüz yüze bir görüşme yapması gündemde mi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Bilemiyorum. Herşey olabilir. Niye olmasın? Herşey olabilir. Onunla başkasıyla, eğer gerçekten barışa hizmet edecekse, durumun kontrol altına alınmasına faydası olacaksa herşey yapılır. Bununla ilgili çağrılar da var ayrıca yani.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Çağrılar var ama, Sayın Davutoğlu Şam’da bildiğimiz kadarıyla Meşal’le görüşmedi…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Sayın Cumhurbaşkanı ile görüştü…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: İran’a getireyim sözü. Siz kısa süre önce bütün İranlı yetkililerle görüştünüz, şimdi yine Washington sonrasında İran’a gidiyorsunuz. Ve burada, “iyimser” olduğunuzu söylediniz görüştüğünüz Amerikalı yetkililere. Amerikalılar o kadar iyimser değil; biliyorsunuz İran da 12 Temmuz’a dek bir yanıt verme yanlısı gözükmüyor. Nasıl çözülecek, sizin “metodolojik” dediğiniz sorun, bu paketin kabul edilmesine ilişkin yöntemsel sorun nasıl aşılacak?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Bu konuda da yine biz çok dikkatli davrandık. Herşeyden önce İran’la gerginliğin gelişmesi bizi de çok yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Hep söylediğim şey vardır, Irak’ta ateş var, oradaki insanları yakıyor ama bizi de ısıtıyor, biz de bunun çok zararını gördük. İran’la da yine böyle büyük problemli bir durum ortaya çıkarsa, bunun da zararını biz göreceğiz, ekonomik olarak, siyasi olarak, güvenlik açısından çok büyük zarar göreceğiz. O bakımdan biz buna kayıtsız kalamayız ve ilgilenmemiz lazım. Bu çerçeve içersinde işte biz olayı gördük ve daha sonra katkı yaptığımız görüldüğünde, ABD olsun, Almanya olsun, Rusya ve diğer ülkeler hepsi bunu çok gördüler. İranlılar güven verdi ve biz bu faaliyetlerimizi yoğunlaştırdık. Bunlar da biliniyor zaten, zaman zaman açıkladık. Şimdi bu paket üzerinde gördüğüm kadarıyla çok fazla problem yok. Önemli olan bu paketin nasıl garanti altına alınacağı, bu verilen sözler nasıl uygulanacak. Sorunun biraz burada olduğu kanaatindeyim. O yüzden Solana ve siyasi direktörlerle Laricani’nin yapacağı görüşmenin önemli olduğu kanaatindeyim. İyimser olmak için birçok sebep var.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: İran’da olsun, Filistin-İsrail gerginliğinde olsun, sizce Türkiye ile Amerika hedefte uzlaşıyor mu? Yöntem demiyorum, hedef…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Bizim yaptıklarımızı çok takdir ettiklerini biliyorum.&lt;br /&gt;Biz, kitle imha silahlarını hiçbir yerde görmek istemeyiz. Yani bütün Ortadoğu’da görmek istemeyiz. Ortadoğu’nun bunlardan arındırılmasını istiyoruz. Filistin-İsrail konusunda ise biz gördüklerimizi kendilerine burada gayet açık anlattık. Biz 3 ay önce, bizim Hamas’la nyaptığımız görüşmeler, şimdi onların değeri bugün çok daha fazla anlaşılıyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: O konuda haklı çıktığınıza mı inanıyorsunuz? Meşal ziyaretinin o zaman yapılması mı, Türkiye’yi bugün belli bir yerde konumladı Ortadoğu diplomasisi açısından?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Ben şunu söyleyeyim size. O zaman herşey işin başındaydı. Filistin’de bir grup seçimi kazanmış, İsrail’de yeni bir parti çıkmış ortaya, herkes işin başında ve Hamas tarafı grassroots, kökten geliyor. Politikayı çok bilmiyor, idarede bulunmamış, yönetimde bulunmamış, hiçbir tecrübeleri yok bu rolde. Onları yanlış istikametlere sevkedecek bir sürü, dünyada çelmeler var. Böyle bir ortam içersinde, gerçekçi, doğru politikalar takdir etmeleri ile ilgili onlarla görüşmekten daha normal bir şey olmazdı, bunu açıkça söyleyeyim size. Ben 3 ay önce de bunun söyledim, Dr. Rice Türkiye’ye geldiğinde konuştuk. Eğer o zaman müdahale olunmaz, o zaman bu kontrol altına alınmaz, o zaman diyaloglar kurulmazsa, “3 ay sonra işlerin tırmandığını görürsek Ortadoğu’da, şaşmayın” demiştim. Bir bölge hem Irak, hem İran, hem İsrail-Filistin çatışmaları bunları kaldırabilir mi? Bunu görüp de durmak sözkonusu olabilir mi? Bizim yaptığımızı o zaman takdir edenler çok oldu. Ama o zaman tenkit edenler, bugün bize “Aman bu işleri yapın” diyorlar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Hamas’la görüşmeniz yönünde bir talep var mı?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Herşey var.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Başbakan’ın ziyareti, biliyorsunuz, gündemde. Başbakan, Washington’a gelip Başkan Bush’la görüşme isteğini kendisi bizzat açıkladı basına. Sonra haziran için bir çalışma oldu, bu gerçekleşmedi. Belki sonbaharda bekliyoruz. Sizin ziyaretinizde bu konuşuldu mu, kesinleşmiş bir şey var mı? Hazırlık yaptınız mı Başbakan ziyareti için?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Tabii, onu da konuştuk. Sayın Başbakanımız aslında gelme arzusunu, “Şu tarihte, şu gün gelmek istiyorum” diye bir şey söylemedi. Ama gayet normaldir, Türk başbakanları, dışişleri bakanları senede birkaç kez gelirler ve birçok bölgesel ve uluslararası konular gözden geçirilir. İkili ilişkileri gözden geçirirler. Bu çerçeve içinde niyetini söyledi o zaman. “Ben şu hafta gitmek istiyorum, gideceğim” diye bir şey söylemedi. Tabii ki programlarına bakılır herkesin, nasıl bazen bizim programlarımız yoğunluğuna göre ayarlanırsa, temmuz ayı içersinde uygun olmadı. Dolayısıyla eylül, ekime, sonbahara kaldı. Tahmin ediyorum ki o zamanlarda gerçekleşecek bu ziyaret.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Başbakan’ın bu ziyaretiyle ilgili Washington’da yapılan tartışmalarda söz konusu olduğu için soruyorum. Cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimi sürecine giriyor Türkiye ve siyasi gerilim zaman zaman artıyor. Siyasi münakaşa ortamı doğuyor cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimi çerçevesinde. Şöyle bir kaygıyı ifade eden ABD’li yetkililer oldu. “Biz, Türkiye ile ilişkilere çok büyük önem veriyoruz, ama Türkiye’nin ABD ile yaptığı bir görüşmeyi, tamamen sanki bir iç politika malzemesi gibi Türk medyasının, bazı siyasetçilerinin kullanması yanlış.” Sizde böyle bir kaygı var mı? Dış politikada atılan adımların Türkiye’de iç politikaya endeksli algılanıp bir anlamda istismar edilmesi gibi?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Vallahi, buna cevap vermek isterim ama bizi hala insanların tanımadığını, hala bizim nasıl siyaset tarzı çizdiğimizi görmediğini görüyorum böyle düşünen insanlar için. Yani ben Amerika’ya geleceğim de, burada görüşeceğim de, bundan bir prestij alacağım ve içeride, iç politikada bundan dolayı güçleneceğim diye. Bunlar doğrusu bizim hiç dikkat ettiğimiz konular değil. Sayın Başbakan’ın da böyle bir şova, (Washington’a) gelip buradan böyle bir kredi almaya tabii ki hiç ihtiyacı yok. Siz kendi ülkenizde güçlüyseniz, kendi halkınız sizi takdir ediyorsa, burada (ABD’de) güçlü olursunuz. Ben Türkiye’de sevilmiyorsam, sayın Başbakan Türkiye’de tutulmuyorsa, buraya gelince zaten hiçbir gücümüz olmaz. Biz buna inanıyoruz. Dolayısıyla, buraya gelip de buradan destek alıp Türkiye’ye dönüp güçlü görünmek, bunlar eski siyasetçilerin yaptığı işler. Açık söyleyeyim ben size. Yani ben Başbakan’ın gelip bu tip kredilerle filan hiç bir illiyeti yok.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Yani Beyaz Saray’dan, bir Oval Ofis fotoğrafının özel bir artısı yok…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Hayır. Ama şüphesiz ki, tabii ki, böyle bir önemli ülkeyle, müttefikle önemli konuları konuşmak, paylaşmak Türkiye’nin ikili ilişkilerini paylaşmak çok önemlidir. Türk-Amerikan ilişkileri, Türk dış politikasının önemli ana direklerinden birisidir. Bunlar şüphesiz ki çok önemlidir. Ama bunu iç politikaya alet etmek, tam tersine bazen bu negatif de olabiliyor. Ben açık söyleyeyim size. O açıdan, Sayın Başbakan’ın ziyareti mahsurlu diye düşünenler varsa, yanlış düşünmüşlerdir. Kendilerinin bileceği iştir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Cumhurbaşkanlığından bahsettiğimiz için soruyorum. Biliyorsunuz, Sayın Başbakan bir süre bir Cumhurbaşkanı karakteri açıkladı; liderlik özelliğini vurguladı, “forma çıkartmaktan” söz etti. Cumhurbaşkanları Türkiye’de geleneksel olarak, dış temsil yetkisi de önemli olan, dışarıya seyahat eden, dış ilişkilerde önemli rolü olan kişiler. Siz de dış politikanın başındasınız, yoğun bir dönemde dışişleri bakanlığı yapıyorsunuz. Bu perspektiften bakınca nasıl bir cumhurbaşkanı seçmeli Türkiye?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Sayın Başbakan’ın söylediklerine bakarsanız, orada herşeyi içeriyor. Şüphesiz ki, cumhurbaşkanlarının ziyaretleri her zaman önemli olmuştur. Önemli konularda, Türkiye’yi ilgilendiren önemli dış politika konularında toplantılar yapılır beraber. Şüphesiz ki, cumhurbaşkanının rolü, Türk dış politikasında kenara bırakılmaz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Sayın Bakan, zamanınız kısıtlı biliyorum. Son olarak, biraz daha kişisel bir soru sormak istiyorum size. Türk-Amerikan ilişkilerinde bir ölçüde iyileşme dönemi yaşandığı izlenimindeyim ben. Bu belge de, bunun ortaya konulması. Birtakım pürüzler aşılıyor. Burada bir de, hep farklı olarak algılanan bir dışişleri unsuru var. Hem Amerikan dışişleri, buradaki kurumlar içinde Türkiye’ye biraz daha sıcak bakıyor; Sayın Rice tabii diplomatlık görevi de olduğu için, sıcak yaklaşıyor. Hem de sizinle Rice arasında sanki kişisel bir yakınlık, samimiyet var. Amerikalı yetkililer, sizden ve Sayın Rice’dan “Onlar iyi arkadaş” diye bahsediyorlar. Dış politikada, bu şahsi ilişkiler, kişisel yakınlık, jestler ne kadar rol oynuyor? Rice özelinde, sizin diğer muhataplarınızdan farklı bir yakınlığınız, bir diyalog kolaylığınız var mı?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Sadece Rice değil, başkalarıyla da eğer böyle yakın ilişkileriniz, şahsi dostluklarınız varsa, bunların neticesi gözüküyor. Bunu ben de çok diğer ülkelerden bakan arkadaşlarımla da yaşıyorum. Bu yakın ilişkiler sayesinde, birbirimizi teklifsiz arayabiliyoruz, konuşabiliyoruz. Biraraya geldiğimizde güveniyoruz. En önemlisi o, söylediğinize, birbirinize güvenmek, saatlerce oturup sohbet edecek halimiz yok bazı konuları. Ama birbirinize güvenirseniz ilk cümlede söylediğinizi dikkate alırsınız.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Rice’la böyle kişisel bir güven ilişkisi var herhalde..&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Yani siz de gördüğünüze göre…&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Peki Sayın Rice, size “Abdullah” diyor, bunu biliyoruz; öyle anlatıldı bize. Siz kendisine nasıl hitap ediyorsunuz?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Yerine göre farklı farklı. Yerine göre “Condi” diyorum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Burada Başkan Bush dahil herkes kendisinden “Condi” diye söz ediyor zaten. Sayın Bakan, çok teşekkür ediyorum. Bize zaman ayırdınız. Sağolun.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GÜL: Ben de çok teşekkür ederim.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-7675716372973114568?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7675716372973114568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7675716372973114568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/10/diileri-bakani-gl-ile-sylei.html' title='* DIŞİŞLERİ BAKANI GÜL İLE SÖYLEŞİ'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-1300590823561538743</id><published>2006-10-31T10:50:00.001-08:00</published><updated>2006-10-31T10:50:34.120-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* INTERVIEW WITH ASSISTANT SECRETARY FRIED</title><content type='html'>Daniel Fried, Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, spoke with Yasemin Çongar on CNN Turk&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;July 6, 2006 Washington, D.C.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Welcome to the program.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Thank you.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Thank you for being with us. Let me start by asking about this Shared Vision statement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Yes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: It’s quite a document. Tell me about the process of preparing that document. Was it really contentious? Was there a lot of fighting over it?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: It was not contentious; there was not a lot of fighting. In fact, of all the negotiations I’ve been in, this was one where both sides understood what the other side needed and we were both very careful to respect the other side’s needs. We started working on this back when Secretary Rice and Minister Gul announced our intention to conclude this in Ankara. My colleague from the White House and I stayed behind to work on this with your Ambassador here, Ambassador Sensoy; we worked through it. We had a couple more sessions and back and forth, and discussions; but it was never, it never had midnight, high tension –&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: So, no major disagreements –&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: No.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: On the PKK, or Cyprus–&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Well, look. We know what Turkey wants on the PKK. The PKK is a terrorist organization. We want the PKK never to be a threat to Turkey or to Turks anywhere in the world. The PKK should not have a home in Iraq at all. We agree with Turkey, and I think the Turkish government knows we agree with them. So, the question here is how we express that. And on Cyprus, because the Turkish Cypriot community supports a unified island and supports a bi-zonal, bi-communal federation, we were able to move to common language on this problem in a way that we could not have done, let us say, ten years ago.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Ok, well, now we have this statement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: And we have the mechanisms. But, as Secretary Rice said in her press statement about it, this is also a document to remind both populations about the importance and strength of the relationship. How do you do this? How do you utilize this document as a tool of public diplomacy if you will? I mean, do you see… For example, what is the Turkish side to do as far as utilizing the document and telling about it to the Turkish public--explaining it to the Turkish public go?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Well, it’s not that we have demands or expectations of the Turkish side. Both of us will work together and use this document as a foundation for consultations and common actions where we have common interests, outlined in this document. It’s not that we have expectations of Turkey; we both expect to be working together, and as we do, we hope that the Turkish public will see us working together and will become more comfortable with this.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: You know, I am asking about public diplomacy, you have seen the poll results –&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Of course.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: And these terrible ratings of the United States, I mean, even of Americans, im Turkey are quite worrisome unfortunately. Do you see a role for the U.S. Government, like, to win back the Turkish public?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Well, we want to talk to the Turkish public as much as we can. Maybe we should have been doing a better job over the past five years. But, we will also show the Turkish public not just the words but the actions, the common actions with our Turkish friends. That alliance between Turkey and the United States brings results [inaudible].&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: You say “common actions” about the PKK and Cyprus. First, on the PKK. Frankly, what Secretary Rice said after her meeting with the Foreign Minister and what the documents say about the PKK come across, to many Turks, as the same-old, same-old. Not much action, a lot of promise, a lot of strong paper, but not much is happening around it. What is going to happen in Iraq, now that we have a new and stronger government in Baghdad?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Well, I believe that the Iraqi Foreign Minister was recently in Ankara. This issue came up. I’m told that these discussions went well. We have a new Iraqi government. We support tri-lateral consultations, and, of course, Turkish-Iraqi consultations, on issues having to do with the PKK. There have been more actions, and, well, what can I say? It is the nature of our cooperation on the PKK that you do more than you talk. Not to make too crude a comparison, but I’m very proud of our joint action to apprehend Ocalan in the late 1990’s. And you notice, of course, we didn’t talk much about that. We don’t talk much about our cooperation. We take this seriously.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Is there anything Turkey can do to make it easier to solve the PKK problem in Iraq? I mean is there a policy recommendation, for example, to help bring some of those elements back to Turkey?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Any kind of discussion, like this, is very controversial for good reason. The PKK isn’t known as a terrorist organization for nothing. They killed and are killing Turks, Turkish citizens, so it’s not my place to start telling the Turkish government what to do. The one thing that we encourage is Turkish cooperation with the Iraqi government, including, of course, the Kurdish regional authorities, but the Iraqi government, as such. This is important because now Turkey and Iraq are not only neighbors but increasingly friends. We want to support this dialogue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: And on Cyprus, and again quickly. In the document, there is a strong reference to the lifting of the isolation of Northern Cyprus, to the agreement of both sides in that context. Are there any original ideas on Cyprus? For example, a free-trade zone on the green line was talked about… Is there anything that the U.S. can endorse, that the EU can endorse, and that can eventually help Turkey to, you know, open her ports?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: It is a tough situation. Turkey has certain obligations with respect to Cyprus because of the European Union accession process. The Turkish government has put forward some ideas on how to resolve this. We’re anxious to work with Turkey on a way forward. We want to see Turkey in the European Union. We want to see a united Cyprus; the bi-zonal, bi-communal federation. And it’s in this context that we want to see the isolation of Turkish-Cypriots end. That’s our policy, that’s also the EU policy. So we want to work our way forward.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: On the “Damascus diplomacy” now. That issue really highlighted the visit especially for the Turkish media and the Turkish audience. And the AK Party government of Turkey feels very much vindicated now in the initial visit of Khalid Mashaal to Ankara. “Because,” they are saying, “because of that visit, because of our ties to Mashaal and Hamas and also to Syria by the way, we are in a position to send, you know, our men to Damascus to talk to them about this. So our policy is in a way justified now.” Do you agree with that?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Well, it’s not my place as an American to enter into a domestic Turkish political debate. That’s what this really is, and you know it. But we do appreciate the mission to Damascus. We appreciated it when Turkey sent strong signals to the Syrians. Yes, we have our views of the Mashaal visit; yes, we have our views of the Hamas visit, but the questions is not whether we are going to debate that, but whether Turkey can help in the future, and this was discussed yesterday.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Do you encourage direct talks with Mashaal at this point?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: I don’t think that that’s a great idea at this point. The mission was not a mission to Hamas but it was a mission to the Syrian government. But I think the issues of diplomacy are best left to those channels.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Okay, last but not least on Iran – Mr. Gul has also been very, very active with diplomatic missions to Iran, I gather, to help the international community. But there have been some concerns raised, in this town and elsewhere, about, you know, having two channels, having a duplication of channels, and that there could be a risk in doing that. What do you think of that? What’s Turkey’s role and what is its limit?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Well, the channels dealing with the Iranian government on the issue of its nuclear weapons ambitions, its nuclear program, is the so-called P5+1, the EU-3, plus Russia, China and the United States. Now, at this [inaudible] of the negotiations, if the Iranians weren’t, well, stalling, there would have been a meeting yesterday between Solana and Larijani. And I’m sorry that the Iranians appear to be stalling for time. That’s very unfortunate, but that doesn’t mean that there is no role for Turkey. Turkey is a neighbor of Iran, Turkey can send messages to Tehran, they can it’s time to say yes to the fair offer from the international community. It’s time for Iran to stop stalling, stop playing for time and address this issue seriously. The international community has made a step and Iran should respond appropriately.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: One truly last question.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Okay.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: And this is on domestic issues a bit. And I know you don’t want to go into that.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: You’re right.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: I’m going to ask you anyway, because the political tension in Ankara sometimes kind of resurfaces, especially with the discussion about the presidential election coming up. [Inaudible] you know, what do you think about that political issue, as far as its effects on Turkey’s economy and also in terms of its foreign policy goals?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: Well, democracies are competitive systems. To say that there should be a democracy without political competition and occasional political tension is just to say that it’s no democracy at all. The notion of unanimity is foolish in a domestic political context. I’ve got nothing to say about Turkish domestic politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: But, does that mean that you won’t have any concerns even if the tensions increase so much that they could cause instability in the Turkish economy?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: We want to see a normal democratic process in Turkey take place in a way that strengthens the country’s economy, that strengthens foreign investment, that promotes the country’s reforms and that makes Turkey a good partner to the United States. We will work with whatever government the democratic process gives us. Normal political tensions are fine. Frankly, Turkey’s economy has done well since 2001, if you think about it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ÇONGAR: Okay, on that note, thank you very much. Thank you for your time.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FRIED: It’s a pleasure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CNN Turk: Thank you for talking to CNN Turk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;####&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-1300590823561538743?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/1300590823561538743'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/1300590823561538743'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/10/interview-with-assistant-secretary.html' title='* INTERVIEW WITH ASSISTANT SECRETARY FRIED'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-4892650809582728098</id><published>2006-10-31T10:49:00.003-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T11:23:25.041-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* REMARKS BY SECRETARY RICE AND FOREIGN MINISTER GÜL</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/68577.htm"&gt;http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/68577.htm&lt;a href="http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/68577.htm"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-4892650809582728098?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/4892650809582728098'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' 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src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-14142394065232874?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/14142394065232874'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/14142394065232874'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com/2006/10/trkiyede-din-zgrl-2006-abd-dileri.html' title='* TÜRKİYE&apos;DE DİN ÖZGÜRLÜĞÜ-2006'/><author><name>NEDEDILERNEYAZDILAR</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-36843103.post-7513037011448528403</id><published>2006-10-31T10:48:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2006-11-01T11:14:44.072-08:00</updated><title type='text'>* HUMAN RIGHTS IN TURKEY-2005</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href="http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61680.htm"&gt;http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61680.htm&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/36843103-7513037011448528403?l=burasiwashingtonnededilerneyazdilar.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7513037011448528403'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/36843103/posts/default/7513037011448528403'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' 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